Trial reportFundamental & clinical pharmacology2026
Effect of a Single Oral Dose of Dexamphetamine or Zolpidem on Attention and Reaction Time in Healthy Men.
Trial report in Fundamental & clinical pharmacology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Effect of a Single Oral Dose of Dexamphetamine or Zolpidem on Attention and Reaction Time in Healthy Men.Fundamental & clinical pharmacology · 2026Trial
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Psychotropic medicines are known to impair cognitive function acutely, but the specific effects of individual substances remain underexplored. This study investigates the effects of dexamphetamine and zolpidem on cognitive performance to quantify the potential risk of intake and their pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic relationship. This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial (EudraCT 2021-005381 - 17) included 60 healthy men aged 26 ± 5 (mean ± SD) years. Participants received a single oral dose of 30-mg dexamphetamine, 5-mg zolpidem, or placebo (n = 20 per group). Cognitive performance was assessed at baseline and 3 and 8 h after dosing using the computerized Psytest system. Dexamphetamine and zolpidem improved sustained attention, with significant reduction of omissions at 8 h. Reaction time improved in both groups, but zolpidem impaired phasic alertness. Working memory remained unchanged. Plasma concentration of dexamphetamine and zolpidem was 70.8 ± 10.4 ng/mL and 39.0 ± 20.7 ng/mL at 3 h and 45.9 ± 7.9 ng/mL and 8.7 ± 6.6 ng/mL at 8 h, respectively. No correlation between drug plasma concentration and cognitive performance measures was demonstrable. Dexamphetamine caused the strongest subjective effects and highest liking ratings, whereas zolpidem elicited greater subjective dislike. Tolerability was best with placebo, followed by zolpidem and dexamphetamine. Single therapeutic doses of dexamphetamine and zolpidem modestly affected cognitive function 3 h after intake, with no relationship between cognitive performance and the study medicines' plasma concentration. Both medicines improve cognition after 8 h but differed in subjective emotional effects. Nevertheless, generalizability is limited by the inclusion of healthy men only. Trial Registration: EudraCT: Nr: 2021-005381-17.
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