ArticleDrug delivery and translational research2026
Engineered ATP-loaded extracellular vesicles: a dual-functional strategy for improving myocardial infarction therapy.
Article in Drug delivery and translational research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) represents a major component of cardiovascular disease, primarily due to severe energy depletion in ischemic tissue. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have recently emerged as promising cell-free nanocarriers capable of targeted delivery and intercellular communication. Leveraging these advantages, engineered EVs were investigated in this study as a direct ATP-delivery platform to cardiomyocytes. EVs were functionalized with an anti-myosin antibody to form targeted extracellular vesicles (T-EVs) and subsequently loaded with ATP, generating T-ATP-EVs for selective energy transfer to damaged myocardium. We study viability and apoptosis of ischemia cells by alamar Blue and flowcytometry (annexin-PI) under hypoxic condition in vitro also we use cardiac function, infarct size, and the expression of troponin and α-actin four weeks after MI on MI rat model in vivo for assessment cardiac repair. The results indicate that, compared with no treatment, the use of T-ATP-EVs enhances the viability of hypoxic cells by 46% and reduces apoptosis by 40%. In the animal study, T-ATP-EVs group increase 27% left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) also infarct size decrese 28% compared with control group. Additionally, the expression levels of troponin and α-actin increased approximately two-fold when we use T-ATP-EVs in vivo. In this study, T-ATP-EVs were investigated as a strategy to deliver ATP directly to cardiomyocytes and heart tissue . The system described here enhances cardiomyocyte survival and targeting damaged heart tissue which making a significant advancement in the treatment of MI.
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