ArticleAcademic psychiatry : the journal of the American Association of Directors of Psychiatric Residency Training and the Association for Academic Psychiatry2026
Degree Background and NIH K-to-R01 Transition Among Investigators Using Experimental Neuroscience to Advance Psychiatry.
Article in Academic psychiatry : the journal of the American Association of Directors of Psychiatric Residency Training and the Association for Academic Psychiatry, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
objectiveInnovation in psychiatry relies on laboratory-based neuroscience research using experimental animal models. How to best train and support investigators remains a critical question for the field. We examined how training background, operationalized as MD, PhD, or MD/PhD degree, is associated with National Institutes of Health (NIH) K-to-R01 transition, a key career benchmark. Understanding how clinical and research training impact early research success will inform strategies in medical education and physician-scientist training in psychiatry.
methodsThis preregistered study used NIH RePORTER to identify recipients of NIH mentored-career-development K01 and K08 awards from neuroscience-focused NIH institutes. Projects using animal models to address a neuroscience question were identified by title-and-abstract review. R01 awards (1997-2024) were identified and linked to prior K awardees (1997-2016) to determine conversion rates.
resultsAmong 758 awards (243 K01, 515 K08), 51% (388/758) converted to at least one R01. Conversion rates differed significantly by degree (p = 0.035). MD-only investigators were less likely to convert (44%, 86/197) than MD/PhD (55%, 184/333) or PhD (52%, 118/228) investigators. Time to conversion also differed (p = 0.032), with longer duration for MD-only investigators. In exploratory analyses, male PhDs converted more often than females (59% vs. 41%; p = 0.024). No sex difference was found for MD and MD/PhD investigators.
conclusionsLack of PhD-level research training was associated with reduced and delayed K to R01 transition for investigators using experimental animal models in neuroscience. Integrating PhD-style research training elements into psychiatry residency and faculty development programs may help close training-related gaps and address emerging sex disparities in research advancement.
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