Development of intrasentential code-switching patterns in Spanish-speaking English learners.

Julie M Schneider, Giovanna Morini, Veronica De Jesus, Aquiles Iglesias

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In one paragraph

Article in Child development, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Julie M SchneiderThe University of California, Los Angeles, UC|CSU Collaborative for Neuroscience, Diversity, and Learning, School of Education and Information Studies, 457 Portola Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States.

Giovanna MoriniCommunication Sciences and Disorders Department, The University of Delaware, 100 Discovery Blvd., Newark, DE 19713, United States.

Veronica De JesusCommunication Sciences and Disorders Department, The University of Delaware, 100 Discovery Blvd., Newark, DE 19713, United States.

Aquiles IglesiasCommunication Sciences and Disorders Department, The University of Delaware, 100 Discovery Blvd., Newark, DE 19713, United States.

Funding

Institute of Education SciencesNational Institute of Child Health and Human Development

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Bilingual children often engage in code-switching (CS) or switching between languages. Research indicates CS shifts as a child's L1 and L2 proficiency change, yet little is known about how these patterns unfold in structured academic tasks. This study examined CS in 195 Spanish-speaking English learners on narrative recall tasks in Spanish and English from kindergarten through second grade (4;9-9;1; 57.9% female). In kindergarten, children switched into Spanish on the English task, but by second grade, they switched into English on the Spanish task. The patterns of CS paralleled shifts in relative proficiency: weaker skills in English predicted switching into Spanish, whereas weaker skills in Spanish predicted switching into English. These findings highlight CS as a dynamic reflection of developing bilingual proficiency.

Indexed as

Child DevelopmentLanguage DevelopmentMental RecallMultilingualismChildChild, PreschoolFemaleHumansMalecode-switchingEnglish learnerslanguage proficiency

Identifiers

PMID42086478

DOI10.1093/chidev/aacaf059

PMCPMC13330871

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LicenceCC BY

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.