Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42085564›Full record

ArticleGenetics2026

Fluorescent organelle markers in Cryptococcus neoformans: a versatile toolkit for live-cell subcellular localization.

Yeseul Choi, Yong-Sun Bahn, Joseph Heitman

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Genetics, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Yeseul ChoiDepartment of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, United States.ORCID 0000-0002-9369-902X
Yong-Sun BahnDepartment of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea.ORCID 0000-0001-9573-5752
Joseph HeitmanDepartment of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, United States.ORCID 0000-0001-6369-5995

Funding

Structure, function, and evolution of the Cryptococcus MAT locusR01AI050113 · NIAID · DUKE UNIVERSITY · PI HEITMAN, JOSEPH · 2002 to 2024
$8.5M
ROLE OF CALCINEURIN IN C. NEOFORMANS MATING AND FRUITINGR01AI039115 · NIAID · DUKE UNIVERSITY · PI HEITMAN, JOSEPH · 1997 to 2025
$6.7M
Genetics of Cryptococcus sexual reproductionR37AI039115 · NIAID · DUKE UNIVERSITY · PI HEITMAN, JOSEPH · 2011 to 2020
$4.9M
Calcineurin signaling cascades governing Cryptococcus virulenceR01AI172451 · NIAID · DUKE UNIVERSITY · PI JOSEPH HEITMAN · 2023 to 2026
$2.7M
National Research Foundation of Korea RS-2025-00555365National Research Foundation of Korea RS-2025-02215093National Research Foundation of Korea RS-2025-18362970NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI039115NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI050113NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI172451NIAID NIH HHS R37 AI039115
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Understanding how intracellular organelles are organized and dynamically remodeled is essential for elucidating fungal growth, differentiation, and pathogenicity. The human fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans exhibits remarkable morphological diversity, yet the contribution of intracellular organelles to adaptation across environmental and host-relevant conditions have not been systematically examined. Here, we establish a comprehensive toolkit of fluorescent organelle marker plasmids and strains expressing mCherry or GFP fusions, enabling high-resolution live-cell imaging of 10 major subcellular compartments: the nucleolus, endoplasmic reticulum (ER), Golgi apparatus, mitochondria, peroxisome, endosome, autophagosome, vacuole, the plasma membrane, and processing bodies (P-bodies). With this platform, we analyzed organelle organization under host-relevant conditions, including elevated temperature, 5% CO2, and capsule- and melanin-inducing media, as well as throughout sexual development from zygote formation to basidiospore production. We further show that the toolkit supports colocalization analyses via diploid formation or dual-labeling strategies. Collectively, our results reveal condition- and stage-specific remodeling of organelle architecture during vegetative growth and mating. This imaging platform provides a robust framework for investigating how subcellular organization supports fungal adaptation, development, and virulence, and for inferring the functions of uncharacterized genes from their spatial localization.

Indexed as

Cryptococcus neoformansOrganellesEndoplasmic ReticulumGolgi ApparatusGreen Fluorescent ProteinsLuminescent ProteinsGreen Fluorescent ProteinsLuminescent Proteinscellular organelleCryptococcus neoformansfluorescent tagginglive-cell imagingorganelle marker

Identifiers

PMID42085564
PMCPMC13220255

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.