ArticleNoise & health
Analgesic Efficacy of Shangdiao Music Combined with Diclofenac Sodium Suppositories after Mixed Haemorrhoid Surgery.
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Abstract
objectiveThis study aimed to analyse the analgesic efficacy of Shangdiao music (a specific pentatonic modality) combined with diclofenac sodium suppositories after mixed haemorrhoid surgery.
methodsThe clinical data of 130 patients who underwent mixed haemorrhoid surgery at our institution between January 2023 and January 2024 were retrospectively analysed. The participants were stratified into two groups according to postoperative analgesia protocols: a pharmacotherapy group ( n = 70) receiving diclofenac sodium suppositories alone and a combined therapy group ( n = 60) receiving diclofenac sodium suppositories combined with Shangdiao music. The treatment course was 7 days. Outcomes were as follows: postoperative pain conditions (Visual Analogue Scale [VAS]), urinary function, defecation function (Chinese version of the Patient Assessment of Constipation Quality of Life questionnaire [PAC-QOL]), negative emotions (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale - Anxiety Subscale [HADS-A] and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale - Depression Subscale [HADS-D]), quality of life (General Quality of Life Inventory-74 [GQOLI-74]) and incidence of adverse reactions.
resultsNo significant differences in baseline characteristics were observed between the two groups ( P > 0.05; Cohen's d range: 0.00-1.00). Both groups demonstrated progressive reductions in VAS scores at 3, 5 and 7 days relative to their 12-hour and 1-day assessments, with the combined therapy group showing significantly greater reductions than the controls at all timepoints ( P < 0.001; Cohen's d : 1.78-3.91). At 7 days, both groups exhibited increased average urine flow rates and GQOLI-74 scores relative to their 1-day measurements, with the combined therapy group demonstrating significantly greater improvements than the controls. Similarly, PAC-QOL, HADS-D and HADS-A scores decreased in both groups at 7 days compared with baseline, with the combined therapy group exhibiting significantly greater reductions ( P < 0.001; Cohen's d : 0.93-1.86).
conclusionThe integration of Shangdiao music with diclofenac sodium suppositories remarkably enhances analgesia, accelerates the recovery of urinary/defecatory functions, mitigates negative psychological states and improves the quality of life of patients following mixed haemorrhoid surgery.
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