Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42084815›Full record

ArticleGastric cancer : official journal of the International Gastric Cancer Association and the Japanese Gastric Cancer Association2026

The density of tumour infiltrating lymphocytes in oesophago-gastric cancer varies with disease stage, geographical region and treatment: a post hoc analysis of nine phase III clinical trials.

Georgina A Keogh, Nina Šefčovičová, Tomio Arai, Myeong-Cherl Kook, Jon P Laye, William H Allum, Sameira Arif, Avani Athauda, Hee Kyung Chang, Jae-Ho Cheong and 23 more

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Gastric cancer : official journal of the International Gastric Cancer Association and the Japanese Gastric Cancer Association, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

33 authors.

Georgina A Keogh *Gastrointestinal and Lymphoma Unit, Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
Nina Šefčovičová *Department of Pathology, GROW - Research Institute for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
Tomio AraiDepartment of Pathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan.
Myeong-Cherl KookDepartment of Pathology, Center for Gastric Cancer, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea.
Jon P LayeDivision of Pathology and Data Analytics, Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James's, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
William H AllumDepartment of Surgery, Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
Sameira ArifDivision of Pathology and Data Analytics, Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James's, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
Avani AthaudaGastrointestinal and Lymphoma Unit, Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
Hee Kyung ChangDepartment of Pathology, Kosin University Gospel Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea.
Jae-Ho CheongDepartment of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Mee-Yon ChoDepartment of Pathology, Wonju Severance Christian Hospital, Wonju-si, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea.
David CunninghamGastrointestinal and Lymphoma Unit, Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
Lara HeijDepartment of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany.
Andrew F IrvinePathology Department, Mid Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust, Wakefield, UK.
Hee Sung KimDepartment of Pathology, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Hyunki KimDepartment of Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Young-Woo KimDepartment of Public Health & AI, National Cancer Center Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, and Center for Gastric Cancer and Department of Surgery, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea.
Ruth E LangleyUCL Innovative Clinical Trials Unit, University College London, London, UK.
Sung Hak LeeDepartment of Hospital Pathology, College of Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Katharina von LogaWaiv, Paris, France.
Matthew G NankivellUCL Innovative Clinical Trials Unit, University College London, London, UK.
Takashi OshimaDepartment of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Kanagawa Cancer Center, Yokohama, Japan.
Russell D PettyDivision of Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK.
Xiuxiang TanDepartment of General Surgery, Pancreatic Disease Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Shiro TanakaCenter for Clinical and Translational Research, Kyushu University Hospital, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
Akira TsuburayaDepartment of Surgery, Fukuzawa Clinic, Yokohama, Japan.
Judith de Vos-GeelenDepartment of Internal Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, GROW - Research Institute for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
Nicholas P WestDivision of Pathology and Data Analytics, Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James's, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
Jake EmmersonClinical Trials Research Unit, Leeds Institute of Clinical Trials Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
Jamie R StokesClinical Trials Research Unit, Leeds Institute of Clinical Trials Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
Derek R MageeSchool of Computer Science, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
David A CairnsClinical Trials Research Unit, Leeds Institute of Clinical Trials Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
Heike I GrabschDepartment of Pathology, GROW - Research Institute for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands. h.grabsch@maastrichtuniversity.nl.ORCID 0000-0001-9520-6228

Funding

Cancer Research UK C26441/A28532Cancer Research UK C7852-A25447
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundTumour infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) are a key component of the tumour microenvironment. To establish a clinically relevant TILs cut-off for patients with oesophago-gastric (OG) cancer, it is essential to know whether TILs density varies by patient and/or disease characteristics. MATERIALS AND

methodsTILs were quantified as TILs/mm

resultsMedian TILs density was higher in pre-treatment biopsies from patients with early-stage versus late-stage disease (962 vs 479 TILs/mm

conclusionsThis is the largest study to date evaluating TILs density in OG cancer. TILs density varied with stage and geographical region but not by age or sex. These findings may explain enhanced response to immunotherapy observed in published studies of patients with early-stage disease and highlight the need to account for baseline TILs heterogeneity when interpreting TILs as a possible biomarker in future studies.

Indexed as

Esophageal NeoplasmsLymphocytes, Tumor-InfiltratingStomach NeoplasmsAgedClinical Trials, Phase III as TopicFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedNeoplasm StagingTumor MicroenvironmentAgeDisease stageOesophago-gastric cancerSexTreatmentTumour infiltrating lymphocytes

Identifiers

PMID42084815
PMCPMC13314682

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.