ArticleTropical animal health and production2026
Effect of fermented maize leaf meal substitution for rice polish on growth performance, blood parameters, and body composition of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella).
Article in Tropical animal health and production, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Tropical aquaculture systems require sustainable feed alternatives to address rising ingredient costs and utilize locally available agricultural residues. This study evaluated the effects of replacing rice polish with fermented maize leaf meal (MLM) on growth performance, blood parameters, and body composition of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). Six iso-nitrogenous diets (30% crude protein) were formulated where rice polish was replaced by MLM at 0% (T1), 5% (T2), 10% (T3), 15% (T4), 20% (T5), and 25% (T6). A total of 360 grass carp fingerlings (12.5 ± 0.5 g) were randomly distributed into 18 FRP tanks (500 L) at a stocking density of 20 fish per tank. The feeding trial lasted for 60 days with sampling conducted at 30-day intervals (day 30 and day 60). Results showed that fish fed diet T4 (15% MLM) exhibited significantly higher (p < 0.05) growth performance parameters including weight gain (38.5 ± 1.2 g), specific growth rate (2.8 ± 0.15%/day), and feed conversion ratio (1.65 ± 0.08). Blood parameters including total protein, albumin, and glucose levels remained within normal ranges across all treatments but were optimal in T4. Proximate composition analysis of fish carcass showed highest protein retention (18.2 ± 0.4%) in T4 group. Second-order polynomial regression analysis indicated a mathematically derived optimal MLM inclusion level of 15.8%, closely corroborating the superior performance observed at the nearest tested level of 15% (T4). The study demonstrates that fermented maize leaf meal can effectively replace up to 15% of rice polish in grass carp feed, providing tropical aquaculture producers with a practical approach to utilize agricultural by-products while maintaining optimal fish performance.
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