Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42083930›Full record

Observational studyEpidemiology and infection2026

Post-pandemic immunity debt for paediatric infectious diseases in Japan between 2014 and 2024.

Noriko Kitamura, Natsumi Kondo, Sophearen Ith, Mai Okuyama, Taro Kamigaki, Daisuke Yoneoka, Takashi Tsukakoshi, Motoi Suzuki

Abstract readObservational Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Observational study in Epidemiology and infection, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Noriko KitamuraCentre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology, https://ror.org/001ggbx22National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Japan Institute for Health Security, Japan.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3418-1028
Natsumi KondoNYS Medical, Inc., Japan.
Sophearen IthDepartment of Epidemiology, https://ror.org/001ggbx22National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Japan Institute for Health Security, Japan.
Mai OkuyamaDepartment of Immunization Research, https://ror.org/001ggbx22National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Japan Institute for Health Security, Japan.
Taro KamigakiDepartment of Infectious Disease Surveillance, https://ror.org/001ggbx22National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Japan Institute for Health Security, Japan.
Daisuke YoneokaDepartment of Epidemiology, https://ror.org/001ggbx22National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Japan Institute for Health Security, Japan.
Takashi TsukakoshiNYS Medical, Inc., Japan.
Motoi SuzukiCentre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology, https://ror.org/001ggbx22National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Japan Institute for Health Security, Japan.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) imposed during the COVID-19 pandemic were known to create an immunity debt. This study aimed to quantify the immunity debt for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), adenovirus, group A

Indexed as

COVID-19Influenza, HumanRespiratory Syncytial Virus InfectionsStreptococcal InfectionsAdenoviridae InfectionsChildChild, PreschoolHumansIncidenceInfantJapanRetrospective StudiesStreptococcus pyogenesCOVID-19epidemiologyimmunity debtinfectious diseasepaediatrics

Identifiers

PMID42083930
PMCPMC13231238

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-SA
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.