Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42083570›Full record

ReviewJournal of healthcare leadership2026

Developing Compassionate Leadership in the UK in Healthcare Contexts: A Narrative Review of Leadership Programmes and Outcomes.

Jonathan Minh Phuong, James Higgerson, Emma L T Pearce, Sarah C Willis, Ellen Ingrid Schafheutle

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Journal of healthcare leadership, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Jonathan Minh PhuongCentre for Pharmacy Workforce Studies, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-0290-8229
James HiggersonCentre for Pharmacy Workforce Studies, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-6037-0455
Emma L T PearceCentre for Pharmacy Workforce Studies, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK.ORCID 0009-0002-2327-6029
Sarah C WillisAlliance Manchester Business School, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-0368-0684
Ellen Ingrid SchafheutleCentre for Pharmacy Workforce Studies, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK.ORCID 0000-0001-7072-0888

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Purpose: Leadership within UK healthcare has been criticised for focusing on performance and financial indicators. Compassionate leadership has emerged as a promising approach to shift organisational culture by focusing on empowering healthcare staff and improving patient outcomes. While compassionate leadership is a stated priority within NHS policy, the extent to which UK-based leadership programmes explicitly incorporate and develop this is unclear. By using West's compassionate leadership framework, this narrative review aimed to identify leadership programmes for staff working in UK healthcare which contain a compassionate leadership element. It also reported the aims, components, outcomes, and impacts of such training on programme participants, their teams, organisations, and patients. Methods: A narrative review was conducted following guidelines from the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta Analyses and JBI. Five databases were searched for records published between January 2013 and June 2025. Data were extracted and thematically analysed using West's four elements of compassionate leadership: attending, understanding, empathising, and helping. Results: Of 550 records screened, seven papers met eligibility, reporting on five distinct leadership programmes. None of the programmes explicitly aimed to develop compassionate leadership. Positive outcomes were consistently reported across all four of West's elements of compassionate leadership, particularly for programme participants. An additional theme emerged of enhanced compassion and relationships within workplace culture. Evidence of organisational or long-term impact was limited, and reporting of programme characteristics lacked depth. Conclusion: This review found limited evidence for leadership programmes that explicitly focus on compassionate care leadership practices in UK healthcare. Despite this, existing programmes do report positive outcomes that map to West's four elements of compassionate leadership. Further programmes that focus more explicitly on compassionate leadership skills, and study of those outcomes, are needed.

Indexed as

compassionate leadershipdevelopmenthealthcare leadershipreview

Identifiers

PMID42083570
PMCPMC13135760

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.