ArticleOccupational therapy international2026
Reliability, Validity, and Responsiveness of the Visual Perceptual and Fine Motor Function Tests in School-Aged Children With Mild Intellectual Disabilities.
Article in Occupational therapy international, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05451238 (Developing a Computerized Testing System for Measuring Motor and Sensory Integrative Functions in School-aged Children With Intellectual Disabilities), which is not on this map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Developing a Computerized Testing System for Measuring Motor and Sensory Integrative Functions in School-aged Children With Intellectual Disabilities
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Reliability, Validity, and Responsiveness of the Visual Perceptual and Fine Motor Function Tests in School-Aged Children With Mild Intellectual Disabilities.Occupational therapy international · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionDeficits in visual perception and fine motor performance are common in school-aged children with mild intellectual disabilities (MID). Assessment tools with sound psychometric properties are essential for occupational therapy practice and research.
objectivesThis study examined the reliability (internal consistency and test-retest reliability), criterion validity and responsiveness of three commonly used assessments: the Test of Visual Perceptual Skills, Fourth Edition (TVPS-4), the Jebsen-Taylor Hand Function Test (JTHFT), and the Block and Box Test (BBT) in school-aged children with MID.
methodsA total of 234 children with MID (134 females, age range: 73-144 months) were assessed at three time points: two preintervention assessments within 14 days (T1 and T2), and one postintervention assessment (T3) following a 4-month occupational therapy program.
resultsThe TVPS-4 total score demonstrated excellent reliability and good criterion validity. The minimum detectable change (MDC) was 13.89 and the minimal clinically important difference (MCID) was 19.97. The JTHFT showed excellent reliability and criterion validity for both hands. The MDC was 3.66 and 4.67 s for dominant and nondominant hands; the MCID was 8.55 and 6.98 s, respectively. In contrast, the BBT exhibited only fair test-retest reliability and weak validity and responsiveness.
conclusionsThe TVPS-4 and JTHFT demonstrated adequate reliability, validity, and responsiveness at both the group and individual levels, supporting their clinical utility for evaluating intervention outcomes and monitoring meaningful changes in visual-perceptual and hand function among school-aged children with MID. This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital (KMUHIRB-SV(II)-20190087).
trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov: NCT05451238.
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