ArticleBMC psychology2026
Does early non-familial child care impact the development of mental health problems, risk behaviors, and educational outcomes until young adulthood?-Findings from an 18-year longitudinal study.
Article in BMC psychology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundInternational studies exploring the enduring effects of early non-familial childhood care on mental health outcomes show varying impacts depending on the quality of care, age of entry, and socio-economic factors.
methodsThis German longitudinal study, involving 225 families, investigated the impact of early non-familial child care on the development of mental health problems, risk behaviors, and academic as well as vocational achievements in young adulthood (M
resultsIn comparison to parental care, early non-familial childcare was associated with significantly elevated levels of risky behaviors (such as risky sexual behavior, alcohol abuse, and tobacco consumption), low intimate relationship quality, and a higher likelihood of achieving advanced vocational qualifications. Migration background was identified as a relevant moderating factor in an exploratory analysis. An early age of entry into non-familial care was weakly associated with more mental health problems in young adulthood.
conclusionParental decisions on early non-familial childcare should carefully consider the child's age of entry, the quality of care, and the family's socio-economic context.
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