ArticleBMC infectious diseases2026
Local insights into hepatitis B Virus: genotype distribution and clinical profiles among HIV/HBV co-infected patients in Maputo, Mozambique.
Article in BMC infectious diseases, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
introductionHepatitis B virus (HBV) coinfection worsens HIV care outcomes and liver disease risk, but genotype-specific data in the World Health Organization (WHO) Africa Region is limited. To address this gap, we assessed HBV genotype distribution and genotype-specific clinical features in a cohort of people living with HIV (PLHIV) in Maputo City, Mozambique.
methodsThis was a sub-analysis of a prospective cohort study that included newly diagnosed, HIV/HBV coinfected patients who were enrolled from May 2021 to November 2023. DNA extraction and partial-genome nested PCR with Sanger sequencing was performed on plasma samples. HBV genotypes were assigned by BLASTn, Geno2pheno, HBVdb, and NCBI-HBV, and phylogeny was inferred with MAFFT-based alignments and maximum likelihood-based phylogenetics. Clinical/laboratory data (Hepatitis B e antigen, HBV viral load, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, CD4
resultsOf 1,106 newly diagnosed ART-naïve PLHIV, 81 (7.3%) were hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-positive and genotyping was successful in 55 (68%). Among HBV genotyped patients, the median age was 33.0 years (IQR 30.0, 39.0), 37 (67.3%) were male, 46 (83.6%) had HBV genotype A (subgenotype A1) and 9 (16.4%) genotype E. Median AST, ALT, and APRI scores tended to be higher in genotype E than subgenotype A1 cases, although differences were not statistically significant (AST 71.9 vs. 37.9 U/L; IQR 26.0-118.0 vs. 29.0-98.1; ALT 36.5 vs. 32.6 U/L; IQR 20.4-63.0 vs. 20.2-57.7; APRI 1.3 vs. 0.5; IQR 0.3-1.8 vs. 0.3-1.3). HBV DNA > 2,000 IU/mL occurred in 52.2% of subgenotype A1 and 55.6% of genotype E cases. Most cases were HBeAg-negative (A1: 36/46, 78.3%; E: 6/9, 66.7%).
conclusionHBV subgenotype A1 and genotype E are prevalent among HIV/HBV coinfected patients in Maputo, often with high HBV DNA levels and evidence of liver injury. Routine HBV screening, simple fibrosis assessment and further research are recommended.
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