ArticleBMC infectious diseases2026
Seroprevalence, vaccination coverage and associated factors of hepatitis B and C infections among pregnant women in Azare, Bauchi State, Northeast Nigeria.
Article in BMC infectious diseases, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundHepatitis B and C virus infections remain major public health challenges, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Pregnant women are a high-risk group due to the potential for mother-to-child transmission. This study assessed the prevalence of HBV and HCV infections, vaccination coverage, and associated factors among pregnant women in Northeastern Nigeria.
methodsThis hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted between April and November 2025. Blood samples were collected from 423 pregnant women attending selected hospitals, after obtaining socio-demographic information. The samples were screened for HBsAg and anti-HCV antibodies using rapid diagnostic test kits.
resultsThe prevalence of HBV, HCV, and HBV/HCV co-infection were 9.93%, 4.49%, and 0.95%, respectively. Higher prevalence of HBV (4.96%; 95% CI: 2.89-7.03) and HCV (2.13%; 95% CI: 0.76-3.50) was observed among women aged 25-34 years. Vaccination coverage was relatively low and was significantly associated with educational level (p < 0.001) and place of residence (p < 0.001). Awareness and knowledge of hepatitis infection, transmission routes, and vaccine acceptance were significantly associated with vaccination uptake. The major barriers to vaccination included lack of awareness (42.32%), fear of side effects (22.93%), and misconceptions regarding vaccine necessity (20.57%).
conclusionHBV and HCV infections remain prevalent among pregnant women in Northeastern Nigeria, with low vaccination coverage and significant gaps in awareness and access to preventive services, demanding targeted health education, improved vaccination access and strengthened antennal programs to reduce the burden of the infections in the area. CLINICAL TRIAL NUMBER: Not applicable.
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