Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42082838›Full record

ArticleDiscover mental health2026

Problematic internet and social-media use, stressful life events, depressive symptoms, and suicidal behaviors among university students in Cyprus: a cross-sectional study.

Lenos Hatzimilidonis, Maria Karanikola, Nicos Middleton, Sokratis Sokratous

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Article in Discover mental health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

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0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Lenos HatzimilidonisDepartment of Nursing, School of Health Sciences, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol, Cyprus. lk.xatzimilidonis@edu.cut.ac.cy.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1155-942X
Maria KaranikolaDepartment of Nursing, School of Health Sciences, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol, Cyprus.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2708-1851
Nicos MiddletonDepartment of Nursing, School of Health Sciences, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol, Cyprus.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6358-8591
Sokratis SokratousDepartment of Nursing, School of Health Sciences, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol, Cyprus.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0418-1334

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundProblematic internet use (PIU) and problematic social-media use have been associated with depressive symptoms and suicidal behaviors among university students, with limited Mediterranean evidence. This study examined their associations with stressful life events, depressive symptoms, and suicidal behaviors.

methodsA cross-sectional anonymous online survey conducted among undergraduates at the Cyprus University of Technology. Participants completed Internet Addiction Test-20 (IAT-20) to assess PIU risk, Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale (BSMAS) to assess problematic social-media use, Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) to assess depressive symptoms, Life Events Scale for Students (LESS-36) to assess stressful life events, and Suicidal Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised (SBQ-R) to assess suicidal behaviors. Correlation and multivariable linear regression analyses examined associations with depressive symptoms and suicidal behaviors.

results1002 students completed the survey (45% response rate); 67.7% were female. PIU risk was minimal (51.1%), mild (38.6%), and moderate (10.3%). BSMAS and LESS-36 scores correlated with depressive symptoms (ρ = 0.47; ρ = 0.30) and suicidal behaviors (ρ = 0.24; ρ = 0.31; all p < 0.001). Adjusted analyses showed depressive symptoms were associated with female gender, mild-moderate PIU, problematic social-media use, and stressful life events. Suicidal behaviors were associated with male gender, non-Cypriot nationality, family history of mental illness, screen time, mild-moderate PIU, stressful life events, and depressive symptoms.

conclusionsProblematic internet and social-media use and stressful life events were associated with depressive symptoms and suicidal behaviors; longitudinal research is needed to clarify temporal relationships.

Indexed as

Depressive symptomsPIUProblematic internet useProblematic social-media useStressful life eventsSuicidal behaviorsUniversity students

Identifiers

PMID42082838
PMCPMC13287196

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.