Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42082809›Full record

Observational studyEndocrine2026

Ethnic differences in pregnancies complicated by gestational diabetes mellitus: a multiethnic cohort study.

Kleoniki I Athanasiadou, Georgios Markozannes, Fotini Kanouta, Marina Mitropoulou, Panagiotis Antsaklis, Kalliopi Pappa, Theodora Psaltopoulou, George Daskalakis, Dimitrios G Goulis, Vasiliki Vasileiou and 1 more

Abstract readObservational Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Observational study in Endocrine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Kleoniki I AthanasiadouEndocrine Unit and Diabetes Centre, Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Alexandra Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 80 Vasilisis Sophias Avenue, Athens, 11528, Greece.ORCID 0000-0002-0811-8156
Georgios MarkozannesDepartment of Hygiene and Epidemiology, School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, University Campus, Ioannina, 45110, Greece.
Fotini KanoutaDepartment of Endocrinology and Diabetes Centre, Alexandra Hospital, 80 Vasilisis Sophias Avenue, Athens, 11528, Greece.
Marina MitropoulouDepartment of Endocrinology and Diabetes Centre, Alexandra Hospital, 80 Vasilisis Sophias Avenue, Athens, 11528, Greece.
Panagiotis Antsaklis1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Alexandra Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 80 Vasilisis Sophias Avenue, Athens, 11528, Greece.
Kalliopi Pappa1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Alexandra Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 80 Vasilisis Sophias Avenue, Athens, 11528, Greece.
Theodora PsaltopoulouEndocrine Unit and Diabetes Centre, Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Alexandra Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 80 Vasilisis Sophias Avenue, Athens, 11528, Greece.
George Daskalakis1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Alexandra Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 80 Vasilisis Sophias Avenue, Athens, 11528, Greece.
Dimitrios G GoulisUnit of Reproductive Endocrinology, 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ring Road, Nea Efkarpia, 56403, Thessaloniki, Greece.ORCID 0000-0002-5005-1995
Vasiliki VasileiouDepartment of Endocrinology and Diabetes Centre, Alexandra Hospital, 80 Vasilisis Sophias Avenue, Athens, 11528, Greece.
Stavroula A PaschouEndocrine Unit and Diabetes Centre, Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Alexandra Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 80 Vasilisis Sophias Avenue, Athens, 11528, Greece. spaschou@med.uoa.gr.ORCID 0000-0002-0651-1376

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeTo identify ethnic differences among women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in a multiethnic cohort.

methodsThis observational study included pregnant women with GDM (IADPSG criteria) attending a tertiary centre between January 2020-December 2023, classified according to their ethnic group as White, Black, Asian, or Other. Multivariable logistic and linear regression analyses were performed.

resultsA total of 633 women (513 White, 64 Black, 32 Asian, and 24 Other/Middle Eastern) were considered eligible for inclusion. Asian women had higher HbA1c than White, Black, and Other (5.5% (37 mmol/mol) vs. 5.1% (32 mmol/mol), 5.2% (33 mmol/mol), and 5.1% (32 mmol/mol), respectively, p < 0.001). The mean birth weight was higher in Asian than White, Black, or Other groups (3429 g vs. 3102 g, 3279 g, and 3159 g, respectively, p = 0.05). Insulin therapy during pregnancy was more common in Asian and Other/Middle Eastern than White and Black women (71% and 79.2% vs. 54.5% and 52.4%, respectively, p = 0.03) and was independently associated with Middle Eastern ethnicity (aOR 6.73, 95% CI 1.31–34.46, p = 0.02).

conclusionThis study confirmed the presence of ethnic differences in pregnancies complicated by GDM and the higher metabolic burden in Asian and Middle Eastern populations. Ethnicity-specific strategies for GDM prevention and early screening should be implemented.

Indexed as

Diabetes, GestationalEthnicityAdultAsian PeopleBirth WeightBlack PeopleCohort StudiesFemaleHumansMiddle Eastern PeoplePregnancyWhite PeopleethnicityGDMgestational diabetes mellituspregnancy

Identifiers

PMID42082809
PMCPMC13139220

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.