ArticleCommunications medicine2026
Implications for distancing measures on in-person school and work attendance from Italian post-pandemic social contact data.
Article in Communications medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Postpandemic Social Contact Patterns: A Cross-Sectional Survey in Japan, South Korea, Thailand, and Vietnam.Infectious diseases and therapy · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
13 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe collection of updated post-COVID-19 data on social contacts is critical for future epidemiological assessment and evaluation of non-pharmaceutical interventions.
methodsWe conducted two waves of an online survey in Italy (March 2022 and March 2023), collecting representative data on direct (verbal/physical) and indirect (indoor co-location) contacts. Using a generalised linear mixed model, we analysed social contact determinants and the impact of work-from-home and distance learning on reducing a pathogen's reproduction number (R). Additionally, we calibrated an age-structured model to the 2023-2024 influenza A epidemic in Italy to explore the impact of alternative in-person attendance scenarios on infection attack rates.
resultsWe find that in-person attendance significantly increases contacts: adults attending in person have 1.69 times (95%CI: 1.55-1.83) more contacts than those staying home, while children/adolescents 2.36 (95%CI: 1.96-2.84). Limiting in-person work alone marginally affects R, whereas combining work-from-home with distance learning (from primary school onwards) reduces R by up to 23.2% (95%CI: 13.7-30.1%), with minimal additional benefit from suspending early childcare. In the influenza A case study, seasonal infection attack rates range from 14.7% (95%PI: 12.8-16.5%) under full in-person attendance to <0.2% under the most restrictive scenario. Moderate interventions (suspension of tertiary education and work-from-home) reduce attack rates by up to one fourth among adults (15-64 years) and one sixth among older individuals.
conclusionsThis study provides post-pandemic contact matrices for Italy, essential for modelling transmission of respiratory pathogens, and quantitative evidence on the epidemiological impact of targeted physical distancing measures, thereby supporting future policy design.
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