Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42082691›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2026

Development of the work-life efficacy scale to measure work-life balance in the working population.

Masato Kaneko, Akiko Nagai, Masaya Abe, Takeshi Miura, Jun Haraguchi, Daisuke Kubo, Makoto Kuroki

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Masato KanekoDepartment of Health Data Science, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan. kanegonmasagon@gmail.com.
Akiko NagaiSocial Design Office, NTT DATA Japan Corporation, Tokyo, Japan.
Masaya AbeSocial Design Office, NTT DATA Japan Corporation, Tokyo, Japan.
Takeshi MiuraDepartment of Health Data Science, Yokohama City University, Kanagawa, Japan.
Jun HaraguchiResearch and Industry-Academia Collaboration Division, Research Promotion Department, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan.
Daisuke KuboDepartment of Health Data Science, Yokohama City University, Kanagawa, Japan.
Makoto KurokiSchool of Economics and Business Administration, Yokohama City University, Kanagawa, Japan.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The implementation of strategies to achieve an ideal work-life balance (WLB) is increasingly regarded as crucial for enhancing worker well-being and productivity. This study aimed to develop the Work Life Efficacy Scale (WLES) and validate its reliability and validity in measuring self-efficacy in managing WLB. The WLES was developed through extensive interviews with 10 corporate employees and a literature review to ensure content validity. Data were collected through an online survey with 1412 working-age individuals. The scale's content validity, structural validity, internal consistency, criterion-related validity, and construct validity were assessed. Results supported a three-factor structure based on factor loadings, communality, and uniqueness, and demonstrated good model fit with excellent fit indices, supporting structural validity. High internal consistency was also noted. Convergent validity was supported, and discriminant validity was generally supported, despite partial overlap observed. Criterion-related validity was confirmed by positive correlations with life satisfaction, work productivity, work engagement, and work-family balance, and a negative correlation with turnover intention. Overall, the WLES is an effective new work-life efficacy scale encompassing work-life autonomy and harmony toward achieving an ideal WLB. It could serve as an important resource for organizations seeking to increase employee satisfaction and retention through improved WLB management.

Indexed as

Work-Life BalanceAdultFemaleHumansJob SatisfactionMaleMiddle AgedPersonal SatisfactionPsychometricsReproducibility of ResultsSelf EfficacySurveys and QuestionnairesLabor productivityQuestionnaireSelf-efficacySurveyTurnover intentionWork−life balance

Identifiers

PMID42082691
PMCPMC13392256

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.