Introjected regulation is the primary predictor of gaming disorder symptoms across WHO and APA criteria in a representative sample of Polish adolescents.

Paweł Strojny, Aleksandra Zajas, Patrycja Kiszka, Sylwia Starzec, Zsolt Demetrovics, Orsolya Király

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Article in Scientific reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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6 authors.

Paweł StrojnyInstitute of Applied Psychology, Faculty of Management and Social Communication, Jagiellonian University, Stanisława Łojasiewicza 4, Kraków, 30-348, Poland. p.strojny@uj.edu.pl.

Aleksandra ZajasInstitute of Applied Psychology, Faculty of Management and Social Communication, Jagiellonian University, Stanisława Łojasiewicza 4, Kraków, 30-348, Poland.

Patrycja KiszkaDoctoral School in the Social Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland.

Sylwia StarzecDoctoral School in the Social Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland.

Zsolt DemetrovicsCollege of Education, Psychology and Social Work, Flinders University Institute for Mental Health and Wellbeing, Flinders University, Bedford Park, Adelaide, SA, Australia.

Orsolya KirályInstitute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary.

Funding

Narodowe Centrum Nauki 2021/42/E/HS6/00068Nemzeti Kutatási Fejlesztési és Innovációs Hivatal STARTING 150089

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This study provides prevalence estimates of gaming disorder (GD) risk among Polish adolescents and validates a Polish translation of the Gaming Motivation Inventory (GMI). Moreover, it explores the role of introjected regulation in GD using a comprehensive motivational model. A representative sample of 1060 adolescents (930 gamers) completed measures of GD symptoms, gaming motivation, and involvement. GD risk ranged from 7.7% to 10.8%, higher among boys (8.9%-12.2%) than girls (6.5%-7.5%). The Polish GMI demonstrated strong psychometric properties, supporting its use in assessing gaming motivations among Polish adolescents. Introjected regulation, escape and identity were among the motivations most strongly associated with GD symptoms, with introjected regulation emerging as the strongest predictor.

Indexed as

Behavior, AddictiveInternet Addiction DisorderVideo GamesAdolescentFemaleHumansMaleMotivationPolandPrevalencePsychometricsSurveys and QuestionnairesBehavioral addictionsGamesGaming disorderGaming motivationIntrojected regulation

Identifiers

PMID42082540

DOI10.1038/s41598-026-49533-9

PMCPMC13396395

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.