Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42082278›Full record

ArticleBMJ paediatrics open2026

Healthcare burden of bronchopulmonary dysplasia among very preterm infants in China: a cohort study.

Zhicheng Zhu, Lin Yuan, Jie Yang, Siyuan Jiang, Yun Cao, Jiao Yang, Yun Zhang, Yan Mo, Chao Chen, Huayan Zhang and 2 more

Abstract readMulticenter Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in BMJ paediatrics open, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Zhicheng ZhuDepartment of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8166-5597
Lin YuanDepartment of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China.
Jie YangNational Health Commission Key Laboratory of Neonatal Diseases, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
Siyuan JiangDepartment of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China.
Yun CaoDepartment of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China.
Jiao YangPediatric Research Institute of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Xinjiang Hospital of Beijing Children's Hospital, The Seventh People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Children's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China.
Yun ZhangDepartment of Neonatology, Guiyang Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou, China.
Yan MoNeonatal Medical Center, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi, China.
Chao ChenDepartment of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China.
Huayan ZhangDivision of Neonatology and Center for Newborn Care, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
Jianguo ZhouDepartment of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China joezhou@fudan.edu.cn.
Chinese Neonatal Network

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveTo assess the healthcare burden of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) among very preterm infants in China.

designA prospective cohort study between 2022 and 2023.

settingChinese Neonatal Network (CHNN) participating centres. PATIENTS: Infants with gestational age <32 weeks admitted to CHNN neonatal intensive care units.

main outcome measuresA composite rate of BPD or mortality at 36 weeks' postmenstrual age (PMA), major comorbidities, clinical resources utilisation and outcome at discharge. BPD severity was classified by Jensen

resultsAmong 17 793 eligible infants, 568 (3.2%) infants died before 36 weeks' PMA, 1729 (9.7%) were discharged against medical advice before 36 weeks' PMA, 9895 (55.6%) were classified as no BPD, 2751 (15.5%) developed Grade 1 BPD, 2634 (14.8%) developed Grade 2 BPD and 216 (1.2%) developed Grade 3 BPD. Infants with BPD had significantly longer hospital stays than those without BPD (median (IQR), 67 (52-84) vs 44 (34-56) days) and incurred higher total hospitalisation charges (median (IQR), 127 (91-177) vs 73 (52-103) thousand CNY) and charge per day (median (IQR), 1975 (1638-2361) vs 1714 (1409-2048) CNY). Mortality at discharge increased with BPD severity, with rates of 0.2% (18/9895) for infants without BPD, 0.5% (15/2751) for Grade 1 BPD, 2.1% (56/2634) for Grade 2 and 26.9% (58/216) for Grade 3. Similarly, the rates of major comorbidities and the need for home oxygen therapy increased with BPD severity.

conclusionsGreater BPD severity was associated with increased comorbidities, higher in-hospital mortality and greater utilisation of healthcare resources. These findings emphasised the ongoing need to develop cost-saving strategies to reduce the risk and severity of BPD in this vulnerable population and improve overall care.

Indexed as

Bronchopulmonary DysplasiaCost of IllnessChinaFemaleGestational AgeHumansInfant, Extremely PrematureInfant, NewbornIntensive Care Units, NeonatalLength of StayMaleProspective StudiesSeverity of Illness IndexEpidemiologyNeonatology

Identifiers

PMID42082278
PMCPMC13141234

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.