ArticleActa parasitologica2026
Dynamics of Th17-Associated Cytokine Responses During the Intestinal-Dwelling Protozoan Parasite Giardia duodenalis Infection in Mice and Human Subjects.
Article in Acta parasitologica, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundGiardia duodenalis is a major intestinal protozoan parasite responsible for over 200 million infections annually worldwide. The gut microbiota influences parasite colonization, disease outcome, and host immune responses. In this context, the present study aimed to evaluate Th17-associated cytokine levels during Giardia duodenalis infection.
objectivesThis study evaluated the influence of gut microbiota modulation during Giardia duodenalis infection by analyzing Th17-related cytokines (IL-17 A, IL-17 F, IL-22, IL-23, and IL-10) in antibiotic pre-treated, Lactobacillus pre-treated, and untreated Giardia-infected mice. Serum cytokine profiles were also assessed in Giardia-infected patients to examine their association with clinical severity.
methodsMice were divided into antibiotic pre-treated, probiotic (Lactobacillus) pre-treated, and untreated groups prior to Giardia infection. Animals were sacrificed on day 0 and on days 3, 7, and 14 post-infection. Th17 cytokines were quantified by ELISA, parasite burden was determined by RT-PCR, and intestinal pathology was assessed by hematoxylin and eosin staining. Additionally, 60 Giardia positive patients were clinically evaluated using the Vesikari scoring system and classified as mild and moderate to severe symptoms. Serum Th17 cytokines were measured by ELISA.
resultsGiardiasis increased both pro and anti-inflammatory cytokines in untreated mice and antibiotic pre-treatment exacerbated giardiasis, resulting in increased parasite load, heightened inflammatory cytokine responses, and severe intestinal mucosal damage. In contrast, probiotic pre-treatment induced an early and regulated cytokine response, reduced parasite burden, promoted mucosal healing, and facilitated faster recovery. Clinically, patients with moderate to severe disease exhibited elevated IL-17 A, IL-17 F, IL-23, and IL-10 levels, whereas higher IL-22 levels were associated with mild symptoms, suggesting a protective role.
conclusionsAntibiotic-induced dysbiosis aggravates giardiasis, while probiotic modulation of gut microbiota enhances protective immunity and reduces disease severity, highlighting probiotics as potential preventive and therapeutic agents.
Indexed as
Identifiers
42081136What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.