ArticleEuropean spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society2026
Augmented reality assisted minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion: feasible and effective workflow with intraoperative video.
Article in European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
purposeThis article and accompanying video provide a comprehensive workflow for incorporating headset-mounted augmented reality (AR) navigation for minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (MIS TLIF).
methodsConsecutive patients undergoing a single level MIS-TLIF with AR navigation for degenerative spondylolisthesis were analyzed between January 2023-2025. Demographic, intraoperative, and postoperative outcomes were collected. The AR workflow features a wireless headset with projection of intraoperative navigation in the surgical field. MIS pedicle screw placement, facetectomy, disc preparation, and contralateral arthrodesis are carried out percutaneously though single line of sight using navigated instruments.
resultA total of 138 consecutive patients underwent AR-assisted spinal fusion at our institution and 22 cases of single-level MIS TLIF met inclusion criteria. Mean age was 62.3 ± 15 years, 59% were females, mean BMI was 29.4±5.7 kg/m
conclusionHeadset-mounted AR navigation is a feasible and reproducible tool to provide visualization for MIS TLIF that can be successfully integrated into surgical workflow. In this initial case series, its use was associated with an acceptable early safety profile and consistent perioperative outcomes. However, given the limitations of this study, including its retrospective design and lack of a comparator cohort, further prospective and comparative studies are necessary to evaluate its impact on surgical efficiency, accuracy, and clinical outcomes.
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