ArticleFrontiers in immunology2026
Poly(allylamine)/tripolyphosphate nanocomplex coacervate as a NLRP3-dependent systemic and mucosal adjuvant for vaccines.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Nanotechnology plays a crucial role in vaccine development, enabling the design of functional nanoparticles (NPs) that act as both antigen carriers and adjuvants to enhance immune responses. In this study, we evaluated complex coacervate-like NPs composed of poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH) and tripolyphosphate (TPP) as a biocompatible and biosafe platform for systemic and mucosal subunit vaccines. We assessed NP-induced activation of antigen-presenting cells and their adjuvanticity in BALB/c and knockout mice immunized intraperitoneally and intranasally with NP-OVA. In vitro, NPs increased CD86 and MHC II expression and promoted interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and IL-18 secretion via NLRP3 inflammasome activation in macrophages and dendritic cells co-incubated with LPS. Cytokine release occurred through an unconventional autophagosome-dependent pathway, as inhibition of autophagy with 3-methyladenine reduced LPS/NP-induced IL-1β secretion.
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