Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42079227›Full record

ArticlebioRxiv : the preprint server for biology2026

Virus-like antigen display delivers a stand-alone danger signal through the BCR that circumvents tolerance.

Julianne B Riggs, Alexander J Ritter, François X P Bourassa, Alexander R Meyer, Erika Kay-Tsumagari, Wei-Yun Wholey, Jeremy Libang, James L Mueller, Wen Lu, Ned S Wingreen and 2 more

Abstract readPreprint
In one paragraph

Article in bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Julianne B RiggsDivision of Rheumatology, Rosalind Russell and Ephraim P. Engleman Arthritis Research Center, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143.
Alexander J RitterDivision of Rheumatology, Rosalind Russell and Ephraim P. Engleman Arthritis Research Center, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143.
François X P BourassaJoseph Henry Laboratories of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544.ORCID 0000-0002-2757-5870
Alexander R MeyerDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 1007 E. Huron Street, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48104.ORCID 0000-0003-4453-9561
Erika Kay-TsumagariDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 1007 E. Huron Street, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48104.ORCID 0009-0002-0787-2074
Wei-Yun WholeyDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 1007 E. Huron Street, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48104.ORCID 0000-0002-1235-6288
Jeremy LibangDivision of Rheumatology, Rosalind Russell and Ephraim P. Engleman Arthritis Research Center, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143.
James L MuellerDivision of Rheumatology, Rosalind Russell and Ephraim P. Engleman Arthritis Research Center, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143.
Wen LuDivision of Rheumatology, Rosalind Russell and Ephraim P. Engleman Arthritis Research Center, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143.
Ned S WingreenDepartment of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544.ORCID 0000-0001-7384-2821
Wei ChengDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 1007 E. Huron Street, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48104.ORCID 0000-0003-0332-1566
Julie ZikhermanDivision of Rheumatology, Rosalind Russell and Ephraim P. Engleman Arthritis Research Center, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143.ORCID 0000-0002-0873-192X

Funding

MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR IMMUNOLOGYT32AI007334 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI CYSTER, JASON G · 1988 to 2023
$11.0M
Mechanisms of B Cell Responses to Particulate AntigensR01AI155653 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR · PI CHENG, WEI, ZIKHERMAN, JULIE · 2021 to 2025
$3.6M
Regulation of CD4 T cell tolerance by the NR4A family of nuclear receptorsR01AI165706 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI JULIE ZIKHERMAN · 2022 to 2026
$3.0M
Cellular Biotechnology Training Program (CBTP) - Years 31-35T32GM145304 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR · PI Guizhi Zhu · 2022 to 2026
$2.6M
Nuclear Receptors in B Cell Tolerance and Humoral Immune ResponsesR01AI148487 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI ZIKHERMAN, JULIE · 2020 to 2024
$2.0M
The cell and molecular mechanisms underlying CD28 costimulationR01AI114575 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI ZIKHERMAN, JULIE · 2024 to 2025
$795k
NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI114575NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI148487NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI155653NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI165706NIAID NIH HHS T32 AI007334NIGMS NIH HHS T32 GM145304
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

How B cells discriminate self from foreign antigens remains a central question, given inherent autoreactivity of the mature B cell receptor (BCR) repertoire. Soluble antigen (sAg) induces tolerance, whereas patterned antigen display on virus-like particles (pAg) triggers robust B cell responses that can proceed without T cell help. Here, we show how this divergence arises early in BCR signaling. Unlike sAg, pAg can bypass a Lyn-dependent negative feedback loop to trigger digital signaling, such that ultra-low concentrations of pAg produce strong and sustained Ca

Indexed as

anergyB cell receptor (BCR) signalingB cell toleranceinhibitory co-receptorsITIMsMycNFATNF-κBvirus-like particlevirus-like structure

Identifiers

PMID42079227
PMCPMC13131645

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.