Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42079035›Full record

ArticleDepression and anxiety2026

Temporal Patterns and Predictive Factors of Childhood Depressive Disorders Across Asia.

Kexin Zhang, Chengxia Kan, Yujie Ma, Zhenghui Tian, Fang Han, Xiaodong Sun

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Depression and anxiety, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Kexin ZhangDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9224-9465
Chengxia KanDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4593-0303
Yujie MaShandong Provincial Key Medical and Health Laboratory for Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Clinical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, 261031, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3226-7933
Zhenghui TianShandong Provincial Key Medical and Health Laboratory for Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Clinical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, 261031, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0008-2054-5098
Fang HanShandong Provincial Key Medical and Health Laboratory for Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Clinical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, 261031, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8743-8763
Xiaodong SunDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7775-2823

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Childhood depressive disorders represent a growing mental health concern, yet region-specific evidence in Asia remains limited. Asia hosts more than half of the global child population and has experienced rapid social and environmental changes that may heighten psychosocial stress. This study assessed the burden, temporal trends, geographic variation, and determinants of childhood depressive disorders across Asia from 1990 to 2023. Methods: Data for children aged 0-14 years were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2023 study. Incidence and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) were analyzed by age, sex, region, and country. Joinpoint regression quantified annual and long-term temporal trends. Bullying victimization was evaluated as a behavioral risk factor. Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) models with Shapley Additive Explanations (SHAP), which show how each variable influences model predictions, were used to identify the major predictors of incidence and DALYs. Results: In 2023, South Asia showed the highest incidence rate (1099 per 100,000) and DALYs rate (119 per 100,000). Across all regions, children aged 10-14 years and girls had the greatest incidence and DALYs rates. India, China, and Pakistan contributed the largest absolute numbers of cases and DALYs, while Mauritius, Bangladesh, and Pakistan recorded the highest rates. Pakistan demonstrated the steepest long-term increases in both incidence and DALYs. Bullying-attributable DALYs increased across all regions, with the largest growth in South and Southeast Asia. SHAP analyses identified age, sex, calendar year, and population size as the strongest predictors, with older children and girls showing markedly higher predicted burdens. Conclusion: Childhood depressive disorders have increased steadily across Asia over the past three decades, with clear demographic and geographic disparities. These findings highlight the urgency of early detection, school-based mental health programs, antibullying interventions, and gender-responsive services. Strengthening child mental health systems in Asia is critical for improving developmental outcomes.

Indexed as

BullyingDepressive DisorderAdolescentAsiaChildChild, PreschoolCrime VictimsDisability-Adjusted Life YearsFemaleGlobal Burden of DiseaseHumansIncidenceInfantInfant, NewbornMaleRisk Factorsbullying victimizationchildhood depressive disordersgeographic disparitiestemporal trends

Identifiers

PMID42079035
PMCPMC13129407

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.