ReviewFrontiers in oncology2026
Case Report: PD-1/CTLA-4 dual checkpoint blockade(QL1706) in advanced pulmonary squamous cell carcinoma complicated by multidrug-resistant tuberculosis after multiple lines of immunotherapy.
Review in Frontiers in oncology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
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2 authors.
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Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are standard care for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), yet patients with active tuberculosis (TB) are consistently excluded from clinical trials. Furthermore, data guiding the use of dual PD-1/CTLA-4 blockade in the presence of multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) is lacking. We report a 56-year-old man with stage IVA pulmonary squamous cell carcinoma (SqNSCLC) who progressed on multiple lines of therapy, including chemotherapy plus pembrolizumab, docetaxel, and the PD-1/VEGF bispecific antibody ivonescimab. During treatment, he developed secondary MDR-TB. Following stabilization with a WHO-recommended all-oral MDR-TB regimen and palliative radiotherapy for a progressive metastatic lesion, he was rechallenged with QL1706 (a unified PD-1/CTLA-4 bispecific antibody). The patient achieved sustained stable disease with a progression-free survival (PFS) of approximately 11 months. Crucially, strict multidisciplinary monitoring confirmed no TB reactivation or dissemination, and no grade ≥3 immune-related adverse events occurred. This case provides the first clinical evidence that, in carefully selected patients with controlled MDR-TB, dual checkpoint blockade with QL1706 is a feasible salvage strategy, provided that TB is rigorously managed.
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