SynthesisFrontiers in medicine2026
Risk stratification and prognostic outcomes in intracerebral hemorrhage among patients with chronic kidney disease: a population-oriented meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Frontiers in medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
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Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) remains one of the most devastating stroke subtypes, with early case fatality frequently exceeding 40% and a high burden of long-term disability. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has emerged as a major systemic determinant of both ICH risk and prognosis, with observational and genetic studies indicating that reduced kidney function independently increases the likelihood of spontaneous ICH and subsequent poor functional outcome. CKD-related endothelial dysfunction, chronic inflammation, and disordered hemostasis promote vascular fragility, larger baseline hematoma volume, and higher rates of hematoma expansion, yet the prognostic impact of CKD stage on ICH survival, disability, and hematoma behavior, and its value for formal risk stratification, remains incompletely defined. Methods: A comprehensive search of MEDLINE, the Embase database, WoS, the Cochrane Library's databases, and Scopus from inception through 2024 yielded 2,475 citations, of which 30 study results including people with spontaneous ICH satisfied the eligibility criteria. CKD criteria varied among studies and included lowered eGFR below 60 ml/min/1.73 m Results: Across 5,000 patients, CKD was interlinked with higher 30-day (pooled OR/HR 1.89, 95% CI: 1.52-2.35), 90-day (2.14, 1.78-2.58), and 1-year mortality (2.87, 2.31-3.56) vs. non-CKD. Severe CKD and ESRD showed the greatest risk, with 1-year mortality >80% in several cohorts. Poor functional outcome was more frequent in CKD (OR/HR: 3.12, 2.45-3.98), and hematoma expansion was approximately doubled (2.01, 1.56-2.59). Heterogeneity was moderate-to-high ( Conclusion: CKD, particularly eGFR < 30 ml/min/1.73 m
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