ReviewCureus2026
Biomarkers in the Early Detection of Dementia: A Systematic Review.
Review in Cureus, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Early detection of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and related dementias is critical for timely intervention and disease management. Mild cognitive impairment represents a transitional state between normal aging and dementia, but diagnosis remains challenging. Biomarkers offer promising tools for identifying early neurodegenerative changes, potentially years before clinical symptoms appear. This systematic review examined studies published between 2012 and 2025 from PubMed and Ovid MEDLINE, focusing on the role of biomarkers in the early diagnosis of AD. Search terms included "biomarkers," "Alzheimer's disease," "early diagnosis," and "early detection." Included studies were systematic reviews that had been peer-reviewed and emphasized early-stage diagnostic utility. Observational studies, meta-analyses, and systematic reviews were included and screened using a Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) flow diagram. Biomarkers identified included cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) markers (amyloid beta, total tau, phosphorylated tau), genetic markers (ApoE4, presenilin mutations), and neuroimaging techniques (MRI, PET, fNIRS). Novel biomarkers such as miRNAs and biosensors, while still largely investigational, also show emerging potential. Phosphorylated tau, particularly p-tau 217, and the amyloid beta 42:40 ratio demonstrate high sensitivity in some studies for early AD pathology. In certain experimental studies, genetic and imaging biomarkers can detect risk or structural changes well before symptom onset. While biomarkers cannot currently replace clinical diagnosis, they significantly enhance early detection and risk stratification. Further research is needed to establish standardized thresholds and to evaluate the ethical implications of widespread biomarker testing. Non-invasive, cost-effective tools such as CSF (minimally invasive) and plasma-based (non-invasive) assays and biosensors represent the future of early dementia diagnostics.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.