ArticleOpen forum infectious diseases2026
Estimating Enteric Fever Seroincidence in Bangladesh Using Rapid Serosurveys.
Article in Open forum infectious diseases, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background: Enteric fever, caused by Methods: School-based surveys (January-June 2022) were conducted in Chattogram, Dinajpur, Sylhet, Satkhira, and Faridpur, and community-based surveys (July 2019-November 2021) were conducted in Dhaka and Mirzapur. Blood samples (dried blood spots or venous blood) were collected and tested for anti-hemolysin E IgG responses using a kinetic enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Seroincidence was estimated using a maximum likelihood approach based on peak antibody titers and decay rates, modeled from blood-culture confirmed enteric fever cases in Bangladesh. Findings: A total of 2969 participants aged 0-22 years were enrolled, with 75.5% aged 5-15 years. Seroincidence rates (per 100 person-years) were highest in Dhaka (33.1; 95% confidence interval [CI], 29.0-37.9), followed by Mirzapur (19.5; 95% CI, 17.4-21.7) and Chattogram (17.1; 95% CI, 15.0-19.4), and the lowest in Faridpur (11.1; 95% CI, 9.6-12.7). The under 5 age group exhibited higher rates in Dhaka (40.3; 95% CI, 32.1-50.7) and Mirzapur (26.1; 95% CI, 21.0-32.4) compared to older age groups. Seroincidence was higher in areas with higher population density. Conclusions: This study highlights a substantial burden of enteric fever infections across Bangladesh. These provide important evidence to guide post-introduction monitoring and optimization of the typhoid conjugate vaccine program in the national immunization schedule.
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