ArticleFood chemistry: X2026
Integrated analysis of phytomelatonin and related indoleamine accumulation in germinated rice: Effects of cultivar, germination stage, and grain fraction.
Article in Food chemistry: X, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Melatonin is widely used for sleep regulation and antioxidant applications; however, its commercial production relies mainly on chemical synthesis, raising sustainability concerns. This study evaluated germination as a cost-effective bioprocess to enhance phytomelatonin and related indoleamines in rice. Five cultivars were germinated for up to four days, and phytomelatonin, serotonin, and free tryptophan were quantified by LC-MS/MS across grain fractions. Germination significantly increased phytomelatonin in all cultivars, with the highest levels observed in pigmented rice, particularly red rice and black glutinous rice (up to 676.9-681.8 ng/g). Serotonin increased during early germination, while free tryptophan markedly increased, indicating enhanced proteolysis and precursor availability. The germ and bran fractions were identified as major phytomelatonin reservoirs. In red rice, germination also increased α-amylase activity and induced structural changes in starch. Overall, germination enhances indoleamine accumulation and functional properties, supporting the development of phytomelatonin-enriched rice for sustainable functional food applications.
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