ArticleAdvances in pharmacological and pharmaceutical sciences2026
Study of Ex Vivo and In Vivo Effect of Topical Ionic Solution of Diclofenac Sodium in Male Albino Rats Using Iontophoretic Technique.
Article in Advances in pharmacological and pharmaceutical sciences, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Study of Ex Vivo and In Vivo Effect of Topical Ionic Solution of Diclofenac Sodium in Male Albino Rats Using Iontophoretic Technique.Advances in pharmacological and pharmaceutical sciences · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: This study is designed to overcome the limitations of transdermal drug delivery by developing a customized iontophoretic device to rapidly increase the delivery of NSAIDs (diclofenac sodium [DS]). Methods: Three concentrations of DS topical solution were prepared. A customized iontophoretic device has been designed to study the effect of the device in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo on the release of DS topical solution. Results: Release of DS using an iontophoretic device was found proportional to the drug concentration with respect to time and current applied, i.e., 2.0% solution showed more promising drug release than 1.5% and 1.0%. Likewise, the release rate of DS is much higher at 5 mA than at 1 mA current. The most prominent in vitro concentration of DS (2%) showed a significant reduction in the rat's paw size compared with the in vivo control and passive control groups. Conclusion: The consistency of these results across both ex vivo and in vivo studies underscores the efficacy and preclinical proof-of-concept for this iontophoretic technique. While these results are promising, further studies on long-term skin tolerability and irritation are required to establish its safety profile for human use in enhancing drug delivery. This work provides a solid foundation for further development of noninvasive drug delivery systems for topical applications, offering a promising approach for improving therapeutic outcomes.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.