ArticleLiver international : official journal of the International Association for the Study of the Liver2026
Effects of Opioids, Benzodiazepines, Gabapentinoids, and Antidepressants on Fracture Risk in Alcohol-Related Cirrhosis.
Article in Liver international : official journal of the International Association for the Study of the Liver, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Response to "Case-Crossover Design Is Not Immune to All Unmeasured Confounders and Time-Trend Bias".Liver international : official journal of the International Association for the Study of the Liver · 2026Article
- Effects of Opioids, Benzodiazepines, Gabapentinoids, and Antidepressants on Fracture Risk in Alcohol-Related Cirrhosis.Liver international : official journal of the International Association for the Study of the Liver · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundPatients with alcohol-related liver cirrhosis (ALD cirrhosis) have an increased risk of falls and fractures. Opioids, benzodiazepines, gabapentinoids, and antidepressants are known to increase fall risk.
aimsWe aimed to determine the effects of opioids, benzodiazepines, gabapentinoids, and antidepressants on fracture risk in ALD cirrhosis.
methodsUsing Danish nationwide registries, we identified all patients diagnosed with ALD cirrhosis in 2000-2023 and their subsequent hospitalisations for fracture. Redeemed prescriptions defined exposure to opioids, benzodiazepines, gabapentinoids, and antidepressants. We applied Cox and Poisson regression to estimate fracture risks with and without exposure, adjusting for confounders. To minimise confounding, we also used a self-controlled case-crossover design.
resultsAmong 24 743 patients with newly diagnosed ALD cirrhosis, the 5-year fracture risk was 19.0% (95% CI: 18.4%-19.4%). Fracture risk was increased during the first 30 days after initiation of opioids (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR]: 3.20, 95% CI: 2.30-4.45), benzodiazepines (aHR: 2.17, 95% CI: 1.37-3.76), or gabapentinoids (aHR: 2.43, 95% CI: 1.66-3.55), whereas antidepressant initiation did not affect fracture risk (aHR: 1.07, 95% CI: 0.62-1.84). Similar within-person results were obtained using the self-controlled design. Notably, the risk-increasing effects of opioids, benzodiazepines, and gabapentinoids decreased with the duration of exposure, and none of the drugs increased fracture risk if the patient had been using them for more than 365 days.
conclusionsIn ALD cirrhosis, fracture risk is increased when treatment with opioids, benzodiazepines, or gabapentinoids is initiated, but not with long-term use. Precautionary measures are recommended when initiation of these drugs is indicated.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.