Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42076256›Full record

ArticleMicromachines2026

An Electrohydrodynamic Phase-Field Model for Contact Angle Hysteresis in Electrowetting Pixels: Decoupling Physical Pinning and Charge Trapping.

Qingsong Lu, Li Wang, Feng Li, Yanjun Yang, Qifu Liu, Xinying Wang, Feng Chi, Liming Liu, Zichuan Yi

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Micromachines, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Qingsong LuSchool of Electronic Information, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Zhongshan Institute, Zhongshan 528402, China.ORCID 0009-0006-7897-1140
Li WangSchool of Information Engineering, Zhongshan Polytechnic, Zhongshan 528400, China.
Feng LiSchool of Electronic Information, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Zhongshan Institute, Zhongshan 528402, China.
Yanjun YangSchool of Electronic Information, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Zhongshan Institute, Zhongshan 528402, China.
Qifu LiuSchool of Electronic Information, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Zhongshan Institute, Zhongshan 528402, China.
Xinying WangSchool of Electronic Information, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Zhongshan Institute, Zhongshan 528402, China.
Feng ChiSchool of Electronic Information, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Zhongshan Institute, Zhongshan 528402, China.
Liming LiuSchool of Electronic Information, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Zhongshan Institute, Zhongshan 528402, China.ORCID 0000-0001-7649-026X
Zichuan YiSchool of Electronic Information, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Zhongshan Institute, Zhongshan 528402, China.ORCID 0000-0001-7670-7916

Funding

Innovation Team Project of Regular Universities in Guangdong Province NO. 2024KCXTD056Key Laboratory of Regular Universities in Guangdong Province NO. 2023KSYS011National Natural Science Foundation of China NO. 62575059
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Precise manipulation of two-phase flow in micro-confined electrowetting pixels is limited by contact angle hysteresis (CAH). To elucidate this non-equilibrium process, we establish a high-fidelity electrohydrodynamic (EHD) phase-field simulation framework. The model rigorously couples Navier-Stokes equations with molecular kinetic theory (MKT) to characterize energy dissipation at the three-phase contact line (TCL) and further integrates charge transport kinetics. Numerical results reveal CAH is driven by physical pinning and interfacial charge trapping, with the latter dominating interfacial retreat and causing significant residual displacement. Furthermore, analysis shows alternating current (AC) waveforms mitigate charge accumulation and promote depinning via micro-oscillations, minimizing the hysteresis loop compared to direct current (DC) waveforms. Additionally, an overdrive strategy utilizing a suprathreshold Maxwell stress pulse rapidly overcomes static friction. This strategy significantly improves transient dynamics, substantially reducing the time to reach 90% of the steady-state target from 19.6 ms (under standard DC waveform driving) to 7.4 ms. This work provides a comprehensive theoretical basis and design criteria for optimizing active driving strategies in optofluidic and digital microfluidic systems.

Indexed as

charge trappingcontact angle hysteresiselectrohydrodynamicselectrowettingmolecular kinetic theoryphase-field method

Identifiers

PMID42076256
PMCPMC13119004

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.