Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42076223›Full record

ArticleMicromachines2026

A Drive-Vibration Integrated Piezoelectric Actuator for Flexible Electrode Implantation.

Xinhui Li, Di Wu, Xiaohui Lin, Tianyu Jiang, Jijie Ma, Ya Li, Yili Hu, Yingting Wang, Hongbo Zhong, Xinyu Yang and 2 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Micromachines, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Xinhui LiThe Institute of Precision Machinery and Smart Structure, College of Engineering, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China.
Di WuHangzhou Zhiyuan Research Institute Co., Ltd., No. 188, Yunzhan Road, Xihu District, Hangzhou 310012, China.
Xiaohui LinThe Institute of Precision Machinery and Smart Structure, College of Engineering, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China.
Tianyu JiangThe Institute of Precision Machinery and Smart Structure, College of Engineering, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China.
Jijie MaThe Institute of Precision Machinery and Smart Structure, College of Engineering, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China.ORCID 0000-0001-7389-8219
Ya LiThe Institute of Precision Machinery and Smart Structure, College of Engineering, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China.
Yili HuThe Institute of Precision Machinery and Smart Structure, College of Engineering, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China.ORCID 0000-0003-1074-8779
Yingting WangThe Institute of Precision Machinery and Smart Structure, College of Engineering, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China.
Hongbo ZhongThe Institute of Precision Machinery and Smart Structure, College of Engineering, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China.
Xinyu YangThe Institute of Precision Machinery and Smart Structure, College of Engineering, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China.
Jianping LiThe Institute of Precision Machinery and Smart Structure, College of Engineering, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China.ORCID 0000-0002-1943-0372
Jianming WenThe Institute of Precision Machinery and Smart Structure, College of Engineering, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China.ORCID 0000-0002-4630-0194

Funding

National Natural Science Foundation of China 52205075Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation LZ24E050008
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

In this paper, a drive-vibration integrated piezoelectric actuator (DVIPA) is proposed for vibration-assisted implantation of flexible electrodes. Conventional implantation systems typically rely on separate actuation and vibration modules, which increase system complexity and limit integration. To address this limitation, the proposed DVIPA integrates driving and vibration functions within a single compact structure by employing two piezoelectric bimorphs for clamping and a piezoelectric stack for combined actuation. A composite excitation waveform, consisting of high-frequency sinusoidal signals superimposed on the rising stage of a low-frequency trapezoidal wave, is applied to simultaneously generate forward motion and vibration. This configuration enables a coupled motion mode that facilitates insertion while reducing the risk of buckling. A prototype of the DVIPA was developed and experimentally evaluated. The results show that vibration-assisted implantation can be achieved under various operating conditions, with independently adjustable driving and vibration parameters. A maximum speed of 328 μm/s is obtained, meeting the requirements for flexible electrode implantation. Agarose gel experiments further demonstrate that vibration frequencies above 40 Hz and voltages between 20 and 40 V can effectively assist implantation of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) without buckling failure. Overall, the proposed actuator provides a compact and integrated solution for vibration-assisted implantation, offering potential advantages in applications with limited space.

Indexed as

drive–vibration integrationflexible electrodepiezoelectric actuatorvibration-assisted implantation

Identifiers

PMID42076223
PMCPMC13118597

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.