Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42076201›Full record

ArticleMicromachines2026

High-Precision Salt Concentration Detection Using a CMUT Array with Temperature Compensation.

Hanchi Chai, Changde He, Mengke Luo, Guojun Zhang, Hongliang Wang, Renxin Wang, Yuhua Yang, Jiangong Cui, Wendong Zhang, Licheng Jia

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Micromachines, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Hanchi ChaiState Key Laboratory of Extreme Environment Optoelectronic Dynamic Measurement Technology and Instrument, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China.ORCID 0009-0000-0098-7050
Changde HeState Key Laboratory of Extreme Environment Optoelectronic Dynamic Measurement Technology and Instrument, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China.ORCID 0000-0001-9897-1718
Mengke LuoState Key Laboratory of Extreme Environment Optoelectronic Dynamic Measurement Technology and Instrument, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China.
Guojun ZhangState Key Laboratory of Extreme Environment Optoelectronic Dynamic Measurement Technology and Instrument, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China.
Hongliang WangState Key Laboratory of Extreme Environment Optoelectronic Dynamic Measurement Technology and Instrument, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China.
Renxin WangState Key Laboratory of Extreme Environment Optoelectronic Dynamic Measurement Technology and Instrument, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China.
Yuhua YangState Key Laboratory of Extreme Environment Optoelectronic Dynamic Measurement Technology and Instrument, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China.
Jiangong CuiState Key Laboratory of Extreme Environment Optoelectronic Dynamic Measurement Technology and Instrument, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China.ORCID 0000-0001-6572-2045
Wendong ZhangState Key Laboratory of Extreme Environment Optoelectronic Dynamic Measurement Technology and Instrument, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China.ORCID 0000-0003-1762-9246
Licheng JiaState Key Laboratory of Extreme Environment Optoelectronic Dynamic Measurement Technology and Instrument, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China.ORCID 0000-0003-0968-6953

Funding

National Key Research and Development Project of China 2023YFF0720900National Natural Science Foundation of China 62320106011
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This paper presents a miniaturized and highly accurate saltwater concentration monitoring system based on Capacitive Micromachined Ultrasonic Transducer (CMUT) array technology. The system incorporates a highly integrated CMUT array with a compact footprint of 5 mm × 5 mm, capable of both transmitting and receiving ultrasonic signals, which significantly contributes to the system's miniaturization and portability. To ensure accurate compensation for temperature-dependent variations in sound velocity, a TA610A temperature sensor is integrated for continuous real-time monitoring of the salt solution temperature. By acquiring ultrasonic echo signals, the system calculates the time-of-flight (TOF) of the acoustic waves. Based on the TOF and real-time temperature data, the sound velocity is determined, and the salt concentration is subsequently derived with temperature compensation applied to enhance measurement accuracy. Experimental results show a measurement precision of 0.1% and a maximum absolute error of 0.02%, confirming the system's high accuracy and robustness. Combining stability, reliability, and a compact real-time sensing design, the proposed CMUT-based system holds significant promise for practical deployment in various industrial and environmental monitoring scenarios.

Indexed as

CMUT arraysalt concentration detectiontemperature compensationtime-of-flight (TOF)ultrasonic velocity

Identifiers

PMID42076201
PMCPMC13118116

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.