ArticlePathogens (Basel, Switzerland)2026
From RAMP to Triplex RT-qPCR: Modernizing Arbovirus Surveillance and Confirming the First
Article in Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
West Nile virus (WNV) remains the most frequently reported locally acquired arboviral infection in the United States, yet many small and mid-sized mosquito abatement districts lack the diagnostic capacity and integrated data systems needed for rapid detection and response. The Canyon County Mosquito Abatement District (CCMAD) in southwestern Idaho undertook a multi-year capacity-building effort to expand arbovirus surveillance, standardize mosquito identification and pooling procedures, and implement triplex RT-qPCR testing for WNV, Western equine encephalitis virus (WEEV), and St. Louis encephalitis virus (SLEV). Historical trapping datasets (2021-2025) were consolidated, geospatially harmonized, and grouped into biologically meaningful sampling units to enable multi-year spatial comparisons. Surveillance revealed recurrent WNV activity annually, with peak transmission occurring between epidemiological weeks 31 and 37. The highest WNV activity occurred in 2023 and 2025, with 192 and 92 positive pools, respectively, while no WEEV or SLEV detections were observed. Enhanced laboratory capacity reduced sample-processing times, decreased the reliance on external confirmatory testing, lowered per-pool testing costs, and enabled same-day reporting to operational staff. In 2025, routine gravid trap surveillance detected a single
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