Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42074423›Full record

ArticleInternational journal of environmental research and public health2026

Over Two Million Life-Years at Risk: Why Gaza's Health Reconstruction Is a Moral Imperative.

Alessandro Vitale, Mohammad Abu Hilal, Umberto Cillo, Isabella Frigerio, Andrew A Gumbs

Abstract readComment
In one paragraph

Article in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Alessandro VitaleChirugia Generale 2, Department of Surgical, Oncological, and Gastroenterological Sciences, Padua University, 35128 Padova, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-4548-8308
Mohammad Abu HilalDepartment of Surgery, University Hospital of Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-3162-4639
Umberto CilloChirugia Generale 2, Department of Surgical, Oncological, and Gastroenterological Sciences, Padua University, 35128 Padova, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-2310-0245
Isabella FrigerioUnit of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Pederzoli Hospital, 37019 Peschiera del Garda, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-7616-4226
Andrew A GumbsMinimally Invasive Digestive Surgery, Hospital Antoine Beclère, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 92140 Clamart, France.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The concept of "Healthocide," first defined by Abi-Rached and colleagues, describes the deliberate and systematic destruction of health systems as a weapon of war. Nowhere is this phenomenon more extensively documented than in Gaza, where the collapse of healthcare infrastructure since October 2023 has been rapid, wide-ranging, and intentionally sustained. The consequence is not only immediate excess mortality, but also profound, long-term loss of population health measured in life-years, a metric that captures both premature death and reductions in expected lifespan. To address the aftermath of such destruction, we propose the framework of "Healthogenesis," defined as a Palestinian-led, equity-driven, and rights-anchored approach to health system reconstruction in which international actors serve as enablers rather than agenda-setters. The aim of Healthogenesis is not merely to restore pre-war capacity, but to build a resilient, sovereign, and future-proof health ecosystem. Using available demographic and mortality data, we estimate that more than three million life-years have already been lost in Gaza since October 2023. Projection models suggest that an additional 1.1 to 2.2 million life-years could be lost over the coming decade unless an organized programme of reconstruction begins immediately. Quantifying harm in life-years reframes the discourse from moral outrage to measurable obligation. If Healthocide names the crime, then Healthogenesis outlines the cure: a coherent, data-anchored, ethically grounded roadmap for rebuilding a devastated health system and protecting the health futures of an entire population.

Indexed as

Delivery of Health CareLife ExpectancyHumansMiddle EastMoralsconflict and healthglobal healthhealth equityhealthogenesishealth systems reconstructionhumanitarian medicinepublic health policy

Identifiers

PMID42074423
PMCPMC13115623

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.