Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42074397›Full record

ArticleInternational journal of environmental research and public health2026

Food Insecurity and Adolescent Obesity in the United States: A Social Ecological Analysis of Multi-Level Risk Factors and Structural Inequities.

Ogochukwu R Abasilim, Kenechukwu O S Nwosu, Opeyemi O Akintimehin, Ogochukwu J Ezeigwe, Odinakachukwu O Dimgba, Meghna Lama, Amarachi H Njoku, Nnenna C Okoye, Elizabeth O Obekpa

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Ogochukwu R AbasilimDepartment of Epidemiology and Human Genetics, UTHealth Houston School of Public Health, Houston, TX 77030, USA.ORCID 0009-0004-0063-086X
Kenechukwu O S NwosuDepartment of Epidemiology and Human Genetics, UTHealth Houston School of Public Health, Houston, TX 77030, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-3583-385X
Opeyemi O AkintimehinInstitute of Health Administration, J. Mack Robinson College of Business, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30302, USA.
Ogochukwu J EzeigweDepartment of Epidemiology and Human Genetics, UTHealth Houston School of Public Health, Houston, TX 77030, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-3770-7603
Odinakachukwu O DimgbaDepartment of Epidemiology and Human Genetics, UTHealth Houston School of Public Health, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
Meghna LamaDepartment of Epidemiology and Human Genetics, UTHealth Houston School of Public Health, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
Amarachi H NjokuMcWilliams School of Biomedical Informatics, UTHealth Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
Nnenna C OkoyeDepartment of Pharmaceuticals, Gwarimpa General Hospital, Abuja 900108, Nigeria.
Elizabeth O ObekpaInstitute of Implementation Science, UTHealth Houston School of Public Health, Houston, TX 77030, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-2646-7736

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

While the association between food insecurity and adolescent obesity is well-established, the mechanisms through which these co-occurring public health crises are linked remain inadequately understood. Using the Social Ecological Model as a theoretical framework, this study examines how individual (physical activity), interpersonal (household food security), community (poverty level, residence), and societal (race/ethnicity) factors interact to influence adolescent weight outcomes. Cross-sectional data from 37,425 adolescents aged 12-17 years in the 2022-2023 National Survey of Children's Health using weighted multinomial logistic regression with interaction terms were used. Adolescents experiencing nutrition insecurity (adequate quantity but poor-quality food) had 41% higher odds of obesity (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 1.41; 95% CI: 1.20-1.65), while those with food insecurity (insufficient quantity) had 48% higher odds (aOR = 1.48; 95% CI: 1.08-2.02) compared to food-secure peers. Significant effect modification emerged across ecological levels: poverty below the 200% federal poverty level (FPL) significantly amplified the food insecurity-obesity relationship (interaction

Indexed as

Food InsecurityPediatric ObesityAdolescentChildCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleFood SupplyHumansPovertyRisk FactorsSocioeconomic Disparities in HealthUnited Statesadolescent obesityfood insecurityhealth disparitieshealth equityphysical activitypovertyrace/ethnicitysocial ecological modelstructural racismweight status

Identifiers

PMID42074397
PMCPMC13116721

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.