Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42074396›Full record

ArticleInternational journal of environmental research and public health2026

Increased Density of Mobile Health Unit Encounters Among Primary Care Health Professional Shortage Areas.

Phillip D Levy, Michael J Twiner, Bethany Foster, Mallory Lund, Naitik Nilesh-Shah, Paul J Kurian, Brian Reed, Anna Steinberg-Abreu, James L Young, Robert D Brook and 1 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Phillip D LevyIntegrative Biosciences Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-7306-5620
Michael J TwinerIntegrative Biosciences Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-9267-267X
Bethany FosterIntegrative Biosciences Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA.ORCID 0009-0003-6752-3033
Mallory LundIntegrative Biosciences Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA.
Naitik Nilesh-ShahIntegrative Biosciences Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA.
Paul J KurianIntegrative Biosciences Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA.
Brian ReedIntegrative Biosciences Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-1078-9215
Anna Steinberg-AbreuIntegrative Biosciences Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA.ORCID 0009-0007-5282-2080
James L YoungIntegrative Biosciences Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA.
Robert D BrookIntegrative Biosciences Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA.
Steven J KorzeniewskiIntegrative Biosciences Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-8895-6052

Funding

ACHIEVE P3 - CHDP50MD017351 · NIMHD · WAYNE STATE UNIVERSITY · PI LANFEAR, DAVID E · 2021 to 2025
$21.1M
American Heart Association, Health Equity Research Network on the Prevention of Hypertension AHA 878605Cielo Institute naMichigan Department of Health and Human Services naNIMHD NIH HHS P50MD017351
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Mobile health units (MHUs) can reach populations facing barriers to traditional primary care, but information about factors associated with their utilization is limited. The objective of this ecological study was to evaluate whether MHU encounter density is increased in census tracts designated as Primary Care Health Professional Shortage Areas (HPSAs) and explore whether associations varied by socioeconomic vulnerability. We analyzed Wayne State University/Wayne Health MHU encounters with adult patients from July 2021 to September 2025. Negative binomial regression models with a log link and log(population) offset tested the a priori hypothesis that encounter density was increased in designated versus undesignated HPSA census tracts. Sensitivity analyses assessed variation by social vulnerability index score quartiles established by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. One quarter of the five-county metropolitan Detroit, Michigan, catchment area census tracts were designated healthcare shortage areas. Overall, 13,852 encounters with 10,924 unique patients occurred across 924 of 1305 census tracts. Encounter rate per adult population was significantly increased by severalfold comparing designated versus undesignated shortage areas, with stronger associations at lower socioeconomic vulnerability index score quartiles (interaction

Indexed as

Medically Underserved AreaMobile Health UnitsPrimary Health CareAccess to Primary CareAdultCensus TractFemaleHumansMaleMichiganMiddle AgedSocial Vulnerabilityecological studyhealth services researchpopulation healthsocial vulnerability

Identifiers

PMID42074396
PMCPMC13116873

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.