ArticleInternational journal of molecular sciences2026
A Simple Ionic-Gelation Method for Chitosan Nanoparticle Synthesis and Standardized Protocols for Biological Safety Assessment: Antibacterial Activity, Phytotoxicity, and Biocompatibility.
Article in International journal of molecular sciences, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Chitosan nanoparticles (Ch NPs) are versatile nanomaterials with expanding agricultural and biomedical applications, highlighting the need for reproducible, low-cost, and scalable synthesis methods to ensure their safe and widespread use in biological systems. This study presents a simple ionic-gelation protocol using a serological pipette-needle dropwise system that minimizes reagent waste and requires no sophisticated equipment. The synthesized Ch NPs were characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy, ESEM, TEM, EDS, DLS, XRD, and FTIR, confirming nanoscale size, strong positive surface charge, and characteristic chitosan-TPP interactions. To establish a standardized biological safety assessment framework, three representative bioassays were implemented across microbial, plant, and mammalian systems. Antibacterial testing against
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