Immunotherapy-Mediated Modulation of the Gut Microbiota in Multiple Sclerosis: The Effects of High-Efficacy (Cladribine) and Moderate-Efficacy (Interferon Beta-1a) Treatments.

Elsebeth Staun-Ram, Anat Volkowich, Lea Glass-Marmor, Ariel Miller

Abstract read

In one paragraph

Article in International journal of molecular sciences, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it

0cells of the map it votes in

0citing papers in PubMed

–field-weighted citation impact

1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Elsebeth Staun-RamRappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3109601, Israel.ORCID 0009-0006-9620-5255

Anat VolkowichNeuroimmunology Unit & Multiple Sclerosis Center, Lady Davis Carmel Medical Center, Haifa 3436212, Israel.

Lea Glass-MarmorNeuroimmunology Unit & Multiple Sclerosis Center, Lady Davis Carmel Medical Center, Haifa 3436212, Israel.

Ariel MillerRappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3109601, Israel.ORCID 0000-0001-5843-6841

Funding

Merck Serono Ltd., an affiliate of Merck KGaA. na

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Interactions between the gut microbiota, immune system, and brain seem to be involved in the pathogenesis and disease activity of multiple sclerosis (MS). Some MS disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) have been shown to alter the microbiota, but whether this is related to their specific mode of action or indirectly related to their immune-modulatory effect is unknown. In this longitudinal study, we characterized the effects of two DMTs on the microbiota under similar conditions and populations: the injectable, moderate-efficacy DMT interferon beta-1a (INFβ-1a) and the oral, high-efficacy DMT cladribine tablets (CladT). Taxonomic differences were identified following 6 months of therapy for each DMT, and both were associated with the elevation of short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) producers from the

Indexed as

CladribineGastrointestinal MicrobiomeImmunotherapyInterferon beta-1aMultiple SclerosisAdultBacteriaFatty Acids, VolatileFemaleHumansMaleCladribineFatty Acids, VolatileInterferon beta-1aadverse eventscladribineclinical responsedisease modifying therapyefficacyinterferon-βmicrobiotamultiple sclerosisSCFAs

Identifiers

PMID42074145

DOI10.3390/ijms27083500

PMCPMC13116577

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata

LicenceCC BY

Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.