Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42074062›Full record

ArticleInternational journal of molecular sciences2026

Molecular Surveillance of Coronaviruses in Riyadh (2025-2026): Persistent Genotype C and Conserved N-Glycosylation Motifs in Human Coronavirus OC43.

Abdulrahman F Alrezaihi, Ibrahim M Aziz, Mohamed A Farrag, Fahad M Aldakheel, Abdulaziz M Almuqrin, Lama Alzamil, Fuad Alanazi, Reem M Aljowaie, Fahad N Almajhdi

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in International journal of molecular sciences, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Observational
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Abdulrahman F AlrezaihiDepartment of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 12372, Saudi Arabia.
Ibrahim M AzizDepartment of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.ORCID 0000-0002-6970-5207
Mohamed A FarragDepartment of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.ORCID 0000-0002-5632-6750
Fahad M AldakheelDepartment of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 12372, Saudi Arabia.ORCID 0000-0001-8047-8650
Abdulaziz M AlmuqrinDepartment of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 12372, Saudi Arabia.ORCID 0009-0004-7025-6543
Lama AlzamilDepartment of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 12372, Saudi Arabia.ORCID 0000-0002-8663-6426
Fuad AlanaziDepartment of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 12372, Saudi Arabia.ORCID 0009-0001-5328-6239
Reem M AljowaieDepartment of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
Fahad N AlmajhdiDepartment of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.ORCID 0000-0002-0135-7015

Funding

King Saud University Waed Program, grant number W25-44
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Seasonal human coronaviruses (HCoVs) continue to undergo adaptive evolution under structural and immune-mediated constraints. We investigated the molecular epidemiology and spike (S) protein structural variation of circulating coronaviruses in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, during the 2025-2026 winter season, with particular emphasis on genotype persistence and glycosylation architecture in HCoV-OC43. Among 293 nasopharyngeal aspirates (NPAs) collected from hospitalized patients with acute respiratory illness, HCoV-OC43 was detected in 26 cases (8.87%), whereas other seasonal coronaviruses were not identified. Partial sequencing of the

Indexed as

Coronavirus InfectionsCoronavirus OC43, HumanSpike Glycoprotein, CoronavirusAmino Acid MotifsAmino Acid SequenceGenotypeGlycosylationHumansPhylogenySaudi ArabiaSpike Glycoprotein, Coronavirusglycosylation sitesHCoV-OC43molecular surveillancephylogenetic analysis

Identifiers

PMID42074062
PMCPMC13116566

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.