Effect of Self-Controlled Feedback on Motor Learning and Its Association with Metacognitive Ability.

Kazuto Yamaguchi, Ryohei Yamamoto, Jun Yabuki, Wataru Nakano, Kazunori Akizuki

Abstract read

In one paragraph

Article in Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it

0cells of the map it votes in

0citing papers in PubMed

–field-weighted citation impact

1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Kazuto YamaguchiDepartment of Rehabilitation, Nihon Institute of Medical Science, 1276 Shimogawara, Moroyama, Saitama 350-0435, Japan.ORCID 0000-0001-5592-767X

Ryohei YamamotoDepartment of Rehabilitation, Kumamoto Health Science University, 325 Izumimachi, Kita-ku, Kumamoto 861-5533, Japan.

Jun YabukiDepartment of Rehabilitation, School of Health Sciences, Tokyo University of Technology, 5-23-22, Nishikamata, Ota-ku, Tokyo 144-8535, Japan.ORCID 0000-0003-3049-3400

Wataru NakanoDepartment of Shizuoka Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Science, Tokoha University, 1-30 Mizuochi, Aoi-ku, Shizuoka 420-0831, Japan.ORCID 0000-0003-2070-6150

Kazunori AkizukiDepartment of Physical Therapy, Mejiro University, 320 Ukiya, Iwatsuki-ku, Saitama 339-8501, Japan.ORCID 0000-0001-9576-9952

Funding

Japan Society for the Promotion of Science 22K17634Japan Society for the Promotion of Science JP22K17726

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Self-controlled feedback promotes motor skills among patients with bodies altered by disease or injury. However, mechanisms underlying its effectiveness remain unexplored. This study determined whether metacognitive ability is involved in the learning benefits of self-controlled feedback during motor skill acquisition. Twenty-eight healthy adults (14 women; mean age = 21.6 ± 0.5 years), assigned to a self-control group (which received knowledge of the results only when requested) or a yoked group (which received knowledge of the results with the paired participants in the self-control group), performed a golf putting task. The experiment comprised a pre-test, practice trials, and a retention test administered 24 h after practice completion. Metacognitive ability was assessed after practice using the Adult Metacognition Scale. The self-control group showed greater improvement from the pre-test (V = 4.5,

Indexed as

metacognitionmotor learningself-control

Identifiers

PMID42073880

DOI10.3390/bs16040517

PMCPMC13114186

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata

LicenceCC BY

Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.