Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42073848›Full record

ReviewBehavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland)2026

Psychological Reserve/External Psychological Control in Psychotherapy: Review and New Models.

Gerald Young, Noah van Dongen

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Gerald YoungDepartment of Psychology, Glendon College, York University, 2275 Bayview Ave., Toronto, ON M4N 3M6, Canada.ORCID 0000-0002-3689-6924
Noah van DongenDepartment of Psychology, Erasmus University, Rotterdam Burgemeester Oudlaan 50, 3062 PA Rotterdam, The Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0003-0387-7388

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This article is about the concept of external psychological control (having a sense of psychological control over the environment). This article examines the construct of external psychological control and differentiates it from similar concepts, showing its unique attributes and how it can help understand a diverse array of psychological phenomena. Of note, external psychological control differs from internal psychological control, which is about maintaining internal psychological equilibrium or being grounded. The term psychological control is similar to terms, but we show that it differs from them and is unique in how it is presently defined. Some of these terms include distress tolerance, self-efficacy, and many variations in terms of control as part of the terminology. Another term examined is related to psychological reserve, the depletion of which affects psychological control. The article presents an original questionnaire that could be used to research external psychological control. The article concludes with a formal mathematical representation of the interaction between psychological control and psychological reserve, and with simulation research that serves as a proof of concept of the constructs proposed. The concepts of psychological control and psychological reserve can help in understanding psychotherapeutic change mechanisms. The concepts of psychological control and psychological reserve are relatively novel terms that can help understand reactions to stress and consequent stress management.

Indexed as

change mechanismexternal psychological controlinternal psychological controlpsychological reservepsychotherapy

Identifiers

PMID42073848
PMCPMC13114000

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.