Non-Cement-Based Soil Stabilization Material: A Review of Biochar, Nanocellulose, and Recycled Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) Powder Composite for Sustainable Geotechnics.

Darlington Hyginus Nwaiwu, Dagan Lin, Xiao Wei, Fushen Liu

Abstract readReview

In one paragraph

Review in Materials (Basel, Switzerland), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it

0cells of the map it votes in

0citing papers in PubMed

–field-weighted citation impact

1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Darlington Hyginus NwaiwuResearch Center of Coastal and Urban Geotechnical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.

Dagan LinZCCC Underground Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 310051, China.

Xiao WeiResearch Center of Coastal and Urban Geotechnical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.

Fushen LiuResearch Center of Coastal and Urban Geotechnical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.

Funding

Joint Fund of Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China LGEZ25E090002National Key Research and Development Program of China 2023YFB2604200Zhejiang Provincial Science and Technology Plan 2025E10118ZJU-ZCCC Institute of Collaborative Innovation ZDJG2021005

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Soil stabilizers using conventional cement and lime binders incur high environmental costs owing to CO

Indexed as

biobased materialscarbon sequestrationeco geotechnicsgreen soil stabilizationwaste valorization

Identifiers

PMID42073763

DOI10.3390/ma19081598

PMCPMC13117356

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata

LicenceCC BY

Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.