Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42073297›Full record

ArticleFoods (Basel, Switzerland)2026

Development of a Sensory Evaluation Method for Polyphenols via Analysis of Chemical Structure and Organoleptic Properties: A Pilot Study.

Hitomi Nakamura, Moeka Ogata, Takafumi Shimizu, Yasuyuki Fujii, Kenta Aso, Chika Tagata, Vittorio Calabrese, Naomi Osakabe

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Foods (Basel, Switzerland), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Hitomi NakamuraFunctional Control Systems, Graduate School of Engineering and Science, Shibaura Institute of Technology, Saitama 337-8570, Japan.
Moeka OgataFunctional Control Systems, Graduate School of Engineering and Science, Shibaura Institute of Technology, Saitama 337-8570, Japan.
Takafumi ShimizuFunctional Control Systems, Graduate School of Engineering and Science, Shibaura Institute of Technology, Saitama 337-8570, Japan.ORCID 0009-0007-8352-4887
Yasuyuki FujiiSIT Research Laboratories, Shibaura Institute of Technology, Saitama 337-8570, Japan.ORCID 0000-0003-1417-0484
Kenta AsoCentral Research Institute, ITO EN, Ltd., Shizuoka 421-0516, Japan.ORCID 0009-0000-8062-6203
Chika TagataCentral Research Institute, ITO EN, Ltd., Shizuoka 421-0516, Japan.
Vittorio CalabreseDepartment of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy.
Naomi OsakabeFunctional Control Systems, Graduate School of Engineering and Science, Shibaura Institute of Technology, Saitama 337-8570, Japan.

Funding

Japan Society for the Promotion of Science 23KJ1922
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Polyphenols are plant metabolites with potent physiological activities. Despite their known bitterness and astringency, their specific sensory characteristics remain poorly understood. To clarify the relationship between polyphenol chemical structures and sensory profiles, we developed a sensory evaluation protocol for a young-adult panel. Following four days of intensive monthly training, the panel achieved proficiency in distinguishing bitterness, astringency, and acidity. Four polyphenols with distinct structures-gallic acid, quercetin hydrate, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), and a procyanidin-rich fraction (PRF)-were evaluated using flavor profile analysis (FPA) and 3-Alternative Forced Choice (3-AFC) tests for their qualitative properties, and quantitative descriptive analysis (QDA) for their quantitative properties. The results showed that gallic acid was acidic, and EGCG was bitter and astringent, with the intensity being concentration-dependent. In contrast, quercetin hydrate did not show any significant sensory properties. This methodology facilitates the elucidation of the relationship between polyphenol structures, and their organoleptic properties and subsequent findings help to further clarify the role of polyphenol-taste receptor interactions in health benefits.

Indexed as

acidityastringencybitternesspolyphenolsensory analysis

Identifiers

PMID42073297
PMCPMC13115364

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.