ArticleBiomolecules2026
Predominance of Biliverdin over Bilirubin in Human Seminal Plasma.
Article in Biomolecules, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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5 authors.
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Abstract
Biliverdin (BV) and bilirubin (BR) are established endogenous antioxidants and immune modulators in other organ systems; however, their roles in the male genital tract remain undefined. The aim of this study was to quantify both bile pigments in human seminal plasma using a fluorescent protein biosensor and to examine their associations with basic semen parameters. We analyzed forty-two semen samples from men undergoing infertility evaluation. Biliverdin predominated over bilirubin in 88.1% of samples. Biliverdin concentration ranged from 51.8 to 611.2 nM, whereas bilirubin ranged from 19.7 to 240.7 nM. The mean total amounts per ejaculate were 1054 pmol for biliverdin and 280 pmol for bilirubin. The total amount of bilirubin in the ejaculate was positively correlated with total sperm count (Rs = 0.47;
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