ArticleAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI2026
Malic Acid Supplementation on Rumen Fermentation, Nutrient Digestibility, Performance and Carcass Traits in Lambs: A Meta-Analysis and Meta-Regression Considering Dietary Moderators.
Article in Animals : an open access journal from MDPI, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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8 authors.
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Abstract
This meta-analysis and meta-regression evaluated how malic acid supplementation modulates rumen fermentation and its consequences for growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and carcass traits in lambs. Effect sizes (ES) were estimated using a random-effects model. Dietary composition was explored by meta-regression as a key source of heterogeneity, and subgroup analyses were used to compare free malic acid (FMA) and malate. Ruminal pH was not affected by malic acid supplementation. In contrast, total volatile fatty acid concentration increased with malic acid supplementation, particularly in studies using FMA. No effects were detected for propionate concentration, whereas acetate concentration increased (ES = 0.502;
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