Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42071311›Full record

ReviewMicrobiologyOpen2026

Phage Therapy as an Alternative Strategy Against Pseudomonas aeruginosa: A Narrative Review of Preclinical and Clinical Evidence.

Gustavo Aparecido da Cunha, Raine Piva Amaral, Ana Luisa Cauvila Dos Santos, Bárbara Rafaela Ferreira Aio, Maria Fernanda Romboli Durante, Luiz Cosme Cotta Malaquias, Gabriel Magno de Freitas Almeida, Luiz Felipe Leomil Coelho

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in MicrobiologyOpen, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Gustavo Aparecido da CunhaDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Brazil.ORCID 0000-0003-4843-0694
Raine Piva AmaralDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
Ana Luisa Cauvila Dos SantosDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
Bárbara Rafaela Ferreira Aio
Maria Fernanda Romboli DuranteDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
Luiz Cosme Cotta MalaquiasDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Brazil.ORCID 0000-0003-4289-384X
Gabriel Magno de Freitas AlmeidaThe Norwegian College of Fishery Science, Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.
Luiz Felipe Leomil CoelhoDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Brazil.

Funding

Centre for New Antibacterial Strategies [CANS] of the Arctic University of Norway project ID #2520855Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Grants Number 308468/2021-0Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Grants Number 408147/2022-9Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG) APQ-00544-23Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG) APQ-04845-23Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG) APQ-05218-23The Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior, Brazil (CAPES) 001
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen and one of the main causes of nosocomial infections. This pathogen affects immunocompromised individuals such as patients with chronic wounds or cystic fibrosis. Its capacity to evade antimicrobial therapies through resistance mechanisms has resulted in widespread prevalence of multidrug-resistant (MDR), extensively drug-resistant (XDR), and pandrug-resistant (PDR) strains. We searched three databases (PubMed/Medline, Scopus, and Web of Science) for articles evaluating the effects of phage administration in the management of P. aeruginosa infections in animals and humans. We analyzed the main characteristics of the interventions, the coverage of different bacterial strains, and discussed possible gaps in the evidence available in the last 10 years. Literature shows strong evidence that the use of phage therapy for several clinical conditions in humans and animal models is a safe and effective intervention for infections caused by MDR/XDR/PDR P. aeruginosa. Despite its therapeutic potential, phage therapy still faces several limitations such as lack of standardized dosing protocols, inconsistent endotoxin quantification, and limited regulatory frameworks. Future guidelines should focus on the regulation and validation of phage therapy in clinical practice, after overcoming the limitations currently identified. Further studies should ensure the standardization of phage production and the validation of delivery systems and routes of administration. Conducting multicenter clinical trials can contribute to the clinical implementation of phage therapy in countries where it is not yet regulated.

Indexed as

Phage TherapyPseudomonas aeruginosaPseudomonas InfectionsPseudomonas PhagesAnimalsBacteriophagesCross InfectionDrug Resistance, Multiple, BacterialHumansantimicrobial resistancebacteriophagemulti‐drug‐resistancephage therapyPseudomonas aeruginosa

Identifiers

PMID42071311
PMCPMC13136077

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.