Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42071237›Full record

ArticleGenome biology2026

A LINE-1 insertion upstream of FOXP2 promotes neuronal differentiation during primate evolution.

Jinhao Liu, Zihang Yin, Yonglin Peng, Shuang Cui, Bo Shi, Xinrui Jiang, Ziyi Yang, Sijie Gu, Yude Lin, Lingfeng Xu and 14 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Genome biology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

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2 · The registry

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3 · Its place in the literature

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

24 authors.

Jinhao LiuBio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
Zihang YinSchool of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
Yonglin PengShanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
Shuang CuiSchool of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
Bo ShiBio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
Xinrui JiangBio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
Ziyi YangState Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Human Phenome Institute, Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center, Center for Evolutionary Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
Sijie GuBio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
Yude LinBio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
Lingfeng XuBio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
Zhen XuBio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
Xuankai WangBio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
Tienan ChenBio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
Wei ZhangBio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
Shaojiao WangBio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
Zhiwei XiaoBio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
Zhibo HuangBio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
Rujiang ZhouBio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
Zhengju YaoBio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
Xiaodong ZhaoShanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
Ya GuoSchool of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
Shuhua XuState Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Human Phenome Institute, Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center, Center for Evolutionary Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
Weidong LiCenter for Brain Health and Brain Technology, Global Institute of Future Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China. liwd@sjtu.edu.cn.
Xizhi GuoBio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China. xzguo2005@sjtu.edu.cn.

Funding

"111" Program of Higher Education Discipline Innovation and Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Commission's Science and Technology Action Plan on Innovation 23490712600National Key Research and Development Program of China 2020YFA0803601National Natural Science Foundation of China 92068203, 91749103Shanghai Science and Technology Commission Program 25JS2810100, 23JS1410100
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe evolutionary trajectory of FOXP2, a key regulator of language acquisition and higher-order cognitive function, remains incompletely understood. Retrotransposons such as long interspersed element-1 (LINE-1) are recognized as important contributors to genome regulation, influencing embryonic and neuronal developmental programs. However, the potential contribution of LINE-1 to shaping the cis-regulatory landscape of FOXP2 remains unclear.

resultsThrough comparative evolutionary genomic analyses, we identify a locus positioned 342 kb upstream of the FOXP2 transcription start site that has experienced multiple, successive LINE-1 retrotransposition events during primate evolution. This process produces a 10.6 kb composite LINE-1 element present in both human and chimpanzee genomes, which we designate FOXP2-342L1. This element exhibits moderate signals of recent positive selection in modern human populations and resides near a topologically associating domain boundary within the FOXP2 regulatory landscape. Integrative 3D genome mapping in human and marmoset neural stem cell models demonstrates that FOXP2-342L1 mediates long range chromatin interactions across the FOXP2 cis regulatory domain. Notably, FOXP2-342L1 functions as an evolutionary "hub" that accumulates successive LINE-1 insertions during primate evolution, thereby regulating FOXP2 activity and promoting cortical neuron differentiation.

conclusionOur findings uncover a LINE-1 driven reconfiguration of 3D chromatin architecture within the FOXP2 regulatory landscape and reveal a primate specific model of neuronal development shaped by retrotransposon activity during primate evolution.

Indexed as

Cell DifferentiationEvolution, MolecularForkhead Transcription FactorsLong Interspersed Nucleotide ElementsNeurogenesisNeuronsAnimalsChromatinHumansNeural Stem CellsPan troglodytesPrimatesChromatinForkhead Transcription FactorsFOXP2 protein, humanEnhancerFOXP2LINE-1Long-range chromatin interactionNeural stem cellsPositive selectionPrimate

Identifiers

PMID42071237
PMCPMC13501865

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.